Athribis (Ylä-Egypti)

Athribis
Ἄθριβις
𓉗𓏏𓉐𓂋𓊪𓇋𓇋𓏏𓆇𓊖
Athribiksen niin kutsutun Auleteen temppelin raunioita.
Athribiksen niin kutsutun Auleteen temppelin raunioita.
Sijainti

Athribis
Koordinaatit 26°30′41″N, 31°39′55″E
Valtio Egypti
Paikkakunta Wannina (Waninah), Suhaj
Historia
Tyyppi kaupunki
Kulttuuri antiikki
Valtakunta muinaisen Egyptin dynastiat
Ptolemaiosten valtakunta
Rooman valtakunta
Bysantin valtakunta
Alue Panopolites, Thebais, Egypti
Aiheesta muualla

Athribis Commonsissa

Athribis (m.kreik. Ἄθριβις; kopt. Ⲁⲧⲣⲉⲡⲉ, Ⲁⲑⲣⲏⲃⲓ; myös Τριφεῖον, Trifeion) eli Hut-Repit (egypt. 𓉗𓏏𓉐𓂋𓊪𓇋𓇋𓏏𓆇𓊖, Ḥwt-Rpyt) oli kaupunki muinaisessa Egyptissä. Se sijaitsi Ylä-Egyptissä eli Thebaiksessa ja kuului Panopoliteen nomokseen.[1][2]

Maantiede

Athribis sijaitsi Niilin länsirannalla noin kuusi kilometriä lounaaseen nykyisestä Sohagista, lähellä nykyistä Wanninan (Waninah) kylää.[2]

Ylä-Egyptin Athribista ei tule sekoittaa toiseen Athribikseen Ala-Egyptissä.[3]

Athribiksen arkeologista aluetta.

Historia

Kaupungin pääkultti oli omistettu leijonanhahmoiselle Repit (Repyt) -jumalattarelle,[4] ja sen egyptinkielinen nimi tarkoittaa ”Repitin taloa/temppeliä”.[2] Kreikaksi jumalatar tunnettiin nimellä Thrifis.[4]

Athribiksen niin kutsutun Auleteen temppelin raunioita.

Kaupungin arkeologiset kaivaukset aloitti William Flinders Petrie vuonna 1900.[4] Nykyisin kaivauksia suorittaa Tübingenin yliopiston Athribis-projekti.

Rakennukset ja löydökset

Kaupungissa oli Repitin temppeli eli niin kutsuttu Fyskonin temppeli, joka rakennettiin tai ainakin uusittiin Ptolemaios VIII Fyskonin aikana. Siihen kuului suuri porttirakennus.[4][3] Temppelin lähellä oli vanhempi faarao Aprieen (Haaibre) temppeli, johon lisättiin pylon-portti ja ympärysmuuri Ptolemaios IX:n aikana.[4]

Kokonaisuuteen kuului myös mammisi eli synnyintemppeli, niin kutsuttu Auleteen temppeli, jonka rakentamisen aloitti Ptolemaios XII Auletes, ja joka saatettiin loppuun roomalaisella kaudella keisari Hadrianuksen aikana. Sen koko oli noin 45 × 75 metriä. Siihen kuului pronaos, jossa oli kaksi kuuden pylvään riviä, esipiha sekä lukuisia huoneita.[4][3][5]

Muihin löydöksiin lukeutuu muun muassa kreikkalais-roomalainen Asklepioksen temppeli. Siinä oli palmettikapiteeleilla varustetut pylväät, esipiha, kaksi kallioon kaiverrettua kammiota sekä syvennys kulttipatsaalle. Kaupungin läheltä on löydetty lukuisia hautoja, joista tärkeimpiin kuuluu niin kutsuttu Eläinratahauta 100-luvun lopulta jaa. Se on saanut nimensä sen kattoa koristavasta kahdesta eläinradasta.[4]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Athribis/Triph(i)eion Pleiades. Viitattu 7.12.2020.
  2. ↑ a b c Tripheion (Wannina) Trismegistos. Viitattu 7.12.2020.
  3. ↑ a b c Athribis (Hut-Repyt) Upper Egypt University College London. Viitattu 7.12.2020.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Wannina Egyptian Monuments. Viitattu 7.12.2020.
  5. ↑ Athribis: 'temple of Auletes' University College London. Viitattu 7.12.2020.

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