Archibald Campbell, Argyllin ensimmäinen markiisi

Archibald Campbell, Argyllin ensimmäinen markiisi.

Archibald Campbell, Argyllin ensimmäinen markiisi, (1607 – 27. toukokuuta 1661) oli skotlantilainen aatelinen ja Campbellin klaanin päällikkö. Hän johti Skotlannin de facto hallitusta sekä Skottipresbyteerien liittoa 1640-luvulla ja 1650-luvun alussa. Hänen päävastustajiinsa lukeutui rojalistinen kenraali James Graham.

1600-luvulla eläneen teologi Robert Baillien mukaan Archibald Campbell (aatelisnimeltään Argyll) oli Skotlannin toiseksi vaikutusvaltaisin henkilö kuninkaan jälkeen. Vuonna 1640 hänelle myönnettiin niin sanottu ”tulen ja miekan toimivalta” (engl. commission of fire and sword), jonka avulla hän kukisti skotlantilaisten rojalistien vastarinnan. Silloin poltettiin ”Bonnie House of Airlie” eli Airlien linna, joka sijaitsi hieman Dundeesta pohjoiseen.[1]

Vuonna 1645 Argyll vetäytyi Loch Linnhen poukamaan, koska hän oli loukannut olkapäänsä pudottuaan hevosen selästä. Rojalistit hyökkäsivät hänen joukkojaan vastaan, ja hän näki poukamaan ankkuroidulta alukselta, kuinka 1 500 Campbelliä kaatui.[1][2]

Tammikuussa 1649 Englannin parlamentti perusti ad hoc -tuomioistuimen kuningas Kaarle I:n tuomitsemiseksi. Skotlantilaiset kauhistuivat kuninkaan mestausta ja kutsuivat Kaarle II:n luokseen. Kaarle II kruunattiin kuninkaaksi Sconessa vuonna 1651. Kruunun laski kuninkaan päähän Argyll.[1]

Englannin restauraation alettua Argyll vangittiin, mutta häntä ei katsottu osalliseksi Kaarle I:n mestaukseen. Hänen kirjeenvaihtonsa George Monckin kanssa kuitenkin paljasti yhteydenpidon Oliver Cromwellin hallintoon, ja hänet päätettiin teloittaa. Tuomio pantiin täytäntöön skotlantilaisella neitsyellä, joka on giljotiinin kaltainen teloitusväline.[1][3]

Argyllille pystytettiin muistomerkki St Gilesin katedraaliin vuonna 1895. Hänen puheitaan on julkaistu kokoelmassa Harleian Miscellany. Kokoelmaan sisältyy hänen viimeinen puheensa, jonka hän piti mestauslavalla hetkeä ennen kuolemaansa.[4]

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b c d 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica, Wikisource
  2. ↑ Battle of Inverlochy, 1645 BCW Project. Viitattu 10.5.2020. (englanniksi)
  3. ↑ 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica, Wikisource
  4. ↑ Oldys, William & Malham, John: The Harleian miscellany; or, A collection of scarce, curious, and entertaining pamphlets and tracts, as well in manuscript as in print : found in the late Earl of Oxford's library; interspersed with historical, political, and critical notes, s. 110–112. (The Speech of the late Marquiss of Argyll upon the Scaffold, May 27, 1661. Being a true and perfect Copy) Lontoo: Robert Dutton, 1808–1811. Teoksen verkkoversio.

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