Amfiktyoniliitto

Amfiktyoniliitto (m.kreik. ἀμφικτυονία, amfiktyonia) oli antiikin Kreikassa uskonnollinen järjestö, jonka tehtävä oli tukea jotain tärkeää kulttipaikkaa tai temppeliä.[1] Tärkein ja tunnetuin näistä oli Delfoin oraakkelia varten perustettu amfiktyoniliitto.[2] Liiton jäsenten kokous pystyi tuomitsemaan rangaistuksia liiton sääntöjä rikkoneita kohtaan. Rangaistukset saattoivat vaihdella aina sakoista pyhään sotaan.

Liiton nimi juontuu myyttisestä Amfiktyonista. Tradition mukaan Delfoin amfiktyoniliitto, jonka tehtävänä oli suojella ja ylläpitää Apollonin temppeliä Delfoissa ja Demeterin temppeliä Anthelessa Thermopylain lähellä, olisi ollut Amfiktyonin perustama. Liiton kaksitoista jäsentä kokoontuivat Thermopylaissa keväisin ja Delfoissa syksyisin.[3] Delfoin amfiktyoniliitto perustettiin tradition mukaan noin vuonna 1100 eaa. Kahdentoista perustajajäsenen joukossa olivat muun muassa boiotialaiset (Thebasta), doorilaiset (Spartasta), joonialaiset (Ateenasta), lokrislaiset, fokislaiset, pytholaiset (Delfoista) ja thessalialaiset.

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Kaisu-Maija Nenonen, Ilkka Teerijoki: Historian suursanakirja, s. 634. WSOY, 1998. ISBN 951-0-22044-2
  2. ↑ J. W. Fuchs. Antiikin sanakirja, Otava 1972. s. 26.
  3. ↑ William Smith: A smaller History of Greece Ch. III


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