Amesha Spenta

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Amesha Spenta tai Amesa Spenta (avestan kielellä “hyväntahtoinen kuolematon”) ovat zarathustralaisuudessa kuusi pyhää kuolematonta henkeä, jumalolentoja tai arkkienkeleitä. Luultavasti he olivat alun perin muinaisia iranilaisia jumalia, jotka zarathustralaisuuden perustaja Zarathustra omaksui opetuksiinsa. Zarathustran mukaan he ovat ylimmän henkiolennon Ahura Mazdan eri puolia ja palvelevat häntä. Ahura Mazda loi heidät auttamaan luomistyössä. Kolme näistä hengistä on miespuolisia, kolme naispuolisia.[1][2] Amesha Spentat auttavat Ahura Mazdaa taistelussa pahaa henkeä Ahrimania vastaan, ja myöhemmässä zarathustralaisuudessa kullakin on lisäksi vastustajanaan määrätty arkkidemoni.[2]

Jokainen Amesha Spentoista hallitsee yhtä todellisuuden puolista. Näitä saattoivat olla jotkin olennot, elementit tai vuodenaika.[1]

Amesha Spentat ovat:

  1. Vohu Mano tai Vohu Manah (”Hyvä mieli”), hyötyeläinten kuten karjan valtias. Hän on jumalallista viisautta, valaistusta ja rakkautta edustava henki. Juuri hän johdatti Zarathustran sielun taivaan valtaistuimen eteen.
  2. Asha Vahista tai Asha Vahishta (”Loistava järjestys” tai ”Totuus”), tulen valtias. Hän vastaa maailmankaikkeuden laillisesta järjestyksestä.
  3. Khshathra Vahista tai Khshathra Vairya (”Toivottu valtakunta”), auringon ja taivaan liikuttaja sekä metallien valtias. Hän edustaa Ahura Mazdan valtakunnan voimaa.
  4. Spenta Armaiti (”Hyväntahtoinen omistautuminen”), maan valtiatar. Hän on uskon ja omistautumisen henki, joka ohjaa ja suojelee uskovaisia.
  5. Haurvatāt (”Täyteys” tai ”täydellisyys”) veden valtiatar.
  6. Ameretāt (”Kuolemattomuus”), kasvien valtiatar. Haurvatātin sisar.[1][2]

Seitsemäs henki on Spenta Mainyu, ihmiskunnan valtias. Hänet joko lasketaan Amesha Spentojen joukkoon tai hänen katsotaan olevan itse Ahura Mazda.[1]

Lähteet

  • Cotterell, Arthur & Storm, Rachel: Ultimate encyclopedia of mythology. London. Anness Publishing, 2017. ISBN 9781780191881.

Viitteet

  1. ↑ a b c d Cotterell & Storm 2017, s. 263
  2. ↑ a b c Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia: Amesha spenta Encyclopedia Britannica. Viitattu 12.9.2021. (englanniksi)

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