Aleksei Grigorjevitš Orlov

Aleksei Grigorjevitš Orlov

Kreivi Aleksei Grigorjevitš Orlov (ven. Алексе́й Григо́рьевич Орло́в; 5. lokakuuta (J: 24. syyskuuta) 1737 Ljublino – 5. tammikuuta 1808 (J: 24. joulukuuta 1807) Moskova) oli venäläinen Orlovin kreivisukuun kuulunut sotilas. Hänen isänsä oli Grigori Orlov ja veljensä Grigori Grigorjevitš Orlov.

Palatsivallankumouksessa 1762 Orlov pidätti keisari Pietari III:n ja vangitsi tämän Ropsun palatsiin, jossa keisari surmattiin Orlovin valvonnassa. Kaappauksen jälkeen Orlov ylennettiin heti kenraalimajuriksi.

Orlov nimitettiin vuonna 1770 turkkilaisia vastaan lähetetyn laivaston komentajaksi. Hän voitti ylivoimaisen laivaston heinäkuussa Çeşmessä. Häviö johti osmanien valtakunnassa kreikkalaisten kapinaan, niin sanottuun Orlovin kapinaan, Peloponnesoksella ja Kreikan saariston valloitukseen. Aleksei Orlov sai voitoistaan lisänimen Tšemenski ja oikeuden käyttää kilvessään keisarillista vaakunaa.[1]

Orlov lähti samana vuonna keisarinna Katariinan käskystä Livornoon Italiaan viettelemään ja tuomaan Venäjälle prinsessa Tarakanovan, jota väitettiin keisarinna Elisabetin ja kasakka Aleksei Razumovskin tyttäreksi ja jota pidettiin kruununtavoittelijana. Pidätettyään prinsessan, joka vangittiin Pietari-Paavalin linnoitukseen, Orlov vetäytyi eläkkeelle ja asettui Moskovaan. Siellä hän omistautui hevosten jalostukselle ja risteytti hienoimman tunnetun kilpahevosrodun arabialaisesta, friisiläisestä ja englantilaisesta rodusta. Rotu tunnetaan nimellä orlov.[1]

Sodassa Napoleonia vastaan 1806–1807 Orlov komensi viidennen piiriin militiaa, jonka hän aseisti ja varusti lähes kokonaan omalla kustannuksellaan. Hänen jälkeensä jäi viiden miljoonan ruplan omaisuus ja 30 000 maaorjaa.

Lähteet

  1. ↑ a b Venäläinen Orlow-siittola hävitetty. Suomen Urheilulehti, 01.10.1906, nro 8, s. 68-70. Kansalliskirjasto. Viitattu 20.07.2015.

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