ADI-arvo

ADI-arvolla (engl. Acceptable Daily Intake) tarkoitetaan ravinnon kautta nautitun kemiallisen aineen ylintä hyväksyttävää päivittäistä saantia, joka ilmoitetaan milligrammoina henkilön painokiloa kohti vuorokaudessa. ADI ilmoittaa määrän, jonka ihminen voi päivässä syödä kyseistä ainetta ilman merkittäviä terveydellisiä haittavaikutuksia.[1][2] ADI-arvot perustuvat eläinkokeisiin, jolla pyritään varmistamaan lisäaineen turvallisuus. Aineiden turvallisuus arvioidaan kansainvälisissä riippumattomissa asiantuntijaryhmissä, joita ovat FAO/WHO:n alainen JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) ja EU:n elintarvikealan tiedekomitea SCF (Scientific Committee on Food). Turvallisuus- ja saantitutkimusten perusteella komiteat asettavat joillekin lisäaineille ADI-arvon.

ADI-arvo voi ylittyä etenkin lapsilla, jotka eivät paina paljon. Varsinkin nitriitin saanti voi ylittyä lapsilla helposti. Nitriittiä käytetään lisäaineena makkaroissa ja lihavalmisteissa, joissa sen tarkoituksena on ehkäistä ruokamyrkytyksiä.

ADI-arvon laskeminen

Bentsoehappo, jonka E-koodi on E 210. Bentsoehappoa käytetään mehuissa ja sen ADI-arvon on 5 mg/kg (milligrammaa/kilossa). Tässä tapauksessa kuusikymmentä kiloa (60 kg) painava henkilö voi syödä päivässä bentsoehappoa 300 mg. 20 kiloa painava lapsi vain 100 mg.

Eli:

60 kg x 5 mg/kg = 300 mg (aikuinen)
20 kg x 5 mg/kg = 100 mg (lapsi)


Mehuihin bentsoehappoa laitetaan korkeintaan 200 mg/kg. 60-kiloinen ihminen voi näin ollen juoda mehua 1,5 kiloa päivässä, joka on noin 1,5 litraa ja 20 kiloa painava lapsi vain puoli litraa.

Eli:

300 mg / 200 mg/kg = 1,5 kg (aikuinen)
100 mg / 200 mg/kg = 0,5 kg (lapsi)

Lähteet

  1. ↑ Tirri, R. ym.: Biologian sanakirja, s. 17. (Uudistetun laitoksen 3. painos) Otava, 2006. ISBN 951-1-17618-8
  2. ↑ WHO: Principles for the safety assessment of food additives and contaminants in food IPCS INCHEM. 1987. Viitattu 11.07.2018. (englanniksi)

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