Erasmus programa

Erasmus programa
Datuak
Motastudent exchange program (en) Itzuli
HerrialdeaEuropar Batasuna
Jarduera
Honen parteErasmus+
Osatuta
Historia
Sorrera1987
Jasotako sariak
webgune ofiziala
Erasmo Rotterdamgoa humanista da programaren izena eta ikurrra.

ERASMUS programa ingelesezko EuRopean Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students izen ofizialaren akronimoa da, Europar Batasuneko ikasleei beste estatu batuen ikasketak burutzea ahalbidetzen diena.

Izenaren jatorria

Erasmus ingelesezko European Region Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students izenaren akronimoa izan arren, siglak propio ahokatu arazi zituzten programa Erasmo Rotterdamgoaren omenez izendatzeko. Erasmok Europa zeharkatu zuen dogmatismoaren aurkako borrokan eta ezaguera zabaltzeko asmoz. Eta hiltzean, ondasunak Suitzako Basileako Unibertsitateari utzi zizkion[1].

Historia

Bruselan, 1986ko urtarrilean, sei urtez Europako unibertsitate ikasleen arteko trukeen probak egin eta gero, Erasmus Programaren proposamena Europako Batzordera iritsi zen lehen aldiz. Orduan Batasuneko kide ziren herrialde gehienak alde egon arren, Batzordean pisu gehien zutenek –nagusiki, Frantziak, Alemaniak eta Erresuma Batuak– ordurako bazituzten beren truke-programak eta proposamena baztertzea nahi zuten[1].

Negoziazio gogor eta luzeen ondoren, azaroaren 28an proposamena atzera bota zuten. Baina hezkuntza erakundeen eta gazte mugimenduen presiopean, gaia berriro iritsi zen Kontseilura abenduaren 15ean. Erasmus Programa handik hiru egunera onartu zuten eta, zenbait formalismo legal gorabehera, ofizialki 1987ko ekinaren 15ean jarri zen abian[1].

1987-1988 ikasturtean 3.244 ikaslek osatu zuen lehenengo Erasmun belaunaldia. 2006an, berriz, 150.000 ikaslek baino gehiagok baliatu zuten truke-programa, Europako ikasle biztanleriaren ia %1ek. Gaur egun 31 herrialdetako goi mailako 4.000 hezkuntza erakunde baino gehiago daude programaren barruan. 2007an, Erasmusek hogei urte bete zituenean, ordurako bi milioi pertsona baino gehiago ziren programan parte hartu zutenak, eta 2012an hiru milioitara iritsiko zirela aurreikusi zuten[1].

Baina Erasmus, esperientzia akademikoa baino gehiago, fenomeno sozial bilakatu da. Eta, gehienentzat, Erasmoren espirituaren gainetik, Erasmus festa entzutetsuengatik da ezaguna[1].

Kritikak

Erasmus programa bat burutzen duten ikasleei atzerriko unibertsitatean eskatzen zaie exijentzia eta errendimendu-maila eskasa kritikatu izan da. Ikasle horietako asko ikasketa denbora festa eta parranda egiteko profitatzen dutela aipatu izan da.[2]

Erreferentziak

  1. ↑ a b c d e Nagore Irazustabarrena, «Erasmus fenomenoak 25 urte», Argia, 2011-01-23, CC-BY-SA lizentzia
  2. ↑ (Gaztelaniaz) «Erasmus orgasmus» publico.es 2011-06-12.

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