Textulariida

Textulariida
Rango temporal: Cámbrico - Reciente

Textularia
Taxonomía
Reino: Protista
Filo: Rhizaria
Clase: Foraminifera
Subclase: Globothalamia
Orden: Textulariida
Lankester, 1885
Suborden: Textulariina
Delage & Hérouard, 1896
Superfamilias
[editar datos en Wikidata]

Textulariida es un orden de foraminíferos (clase Foraminiferea, o Foraminifera),[1]​ tradicionalmente considerado suborden Textulariina del orden Foraminiferida.[2]​ Es uno de los grupos de foraminíferos más comunes y de mayor diversidad morfológica, junto con Rotaliida. Su rango cronoestratigráfico abarca desde el Cámbrico hasta la Actualidad.

Descripción

Son un grupo de foraminíferos bentónicos que presentan conchas aglutinadas, compuestas de partículas recogidas del exterior (granos de arena, espículas de esponjas, láminas de mica, conchas de otros foraminíferos, diatomeas, etc.) y fijadas con un cemento secretado por el propio foraminífero. Este cemento puede ser orgánico, calcáreo, silíceo o de óxido férrico, aunque básicamente hay dos tipos de paredes: aglutinado con cemento orgánico y aglutinado con cemento calcáreo (además del orgánico). Sus conchas presentan una gran diversidad morfológica, desde simples conchas globulares, irregulares o tubulares no septadas hasta conchas ramificadas, espiraladas, flabeliformes, fusiformes o discoidales. Además, presentan una gran variedad de estructuras internas. Solo los aglutinados calcáreos o los aglutinados orgánicos de pared gruesa presentan poros, los cuales no atraviesan la pared.[3]​

Discusión

Antiguamente incluía todas las especies de concha aglutinada, pero los estudios genéticos muestran que no todos están próximamente relacionados, y varios grupos de concha aglutinada, sobre todo la superfamilia Astrorhizacea, podrían ser incluidos o agrupados en el orden Allogromiida.[4]​ El resto de aglutinados se siguen incluyendo en Textulariida, aunque a veces se divide en tres órdenes: Trochamminida y Lituolida (cemento orgánico) y Textulariida sensu stricto (cemento calcáreo). Se ha considerado un cuarto orden, Astrorhizida, aunque este último podría ser finalmente agrupado en Allogromiida. Estos cuatro órdenes propuestos son conocidos a partir del Cámbrico. Finalmente se ha propuesto un quinto orden (orden Loftusiida), y hasta un sexto (orden Schlumbergerinida), dentro de los foraminíferos aglutinados tradicionalmente incluidos en Textulariida.

Clasificación

En las clasificaciones tradicionales, Textulariida incluía las siguientes superfamilias:[2]​

De acuerdo a esta clasificación, el rango cronoestratigráfico de Textulariida abarca desde el Cámbrico hasta la Actualidad. Sin embargo, clasificaciones más modernas han dividido Textulariida en varios órdenes diferentes:[1]​[5]​

En esta clasificación, Textulariida queda restringido a las siguientes superfamilias:

Con esta clasificación, el rango cronoestratigráfico de Textulariida abarcaría desde el Triásico hasta la Actualidad. No obstante, clasificaciones más recientes restringen aún más el concepto de Textulariida y Textulariina, por la definición de un nuevo orden (orden Loftusiida), y se le asigna solo la tradicional superfamilia Textularioidea, cuyo rango cronoestratigráfico abarca desde el Bajociense (Jurásico medio) hasta la Actualidad; no obstante, subdividen esta superfamilia en tres:[6]​[7]​[8]​

Véase también

Bibliografía

  1. ↑ a b Loeblich, A.R., Jr. y Tappan, H. (1992). Present Status of Foraminiferal Classification. Studies in Benthic Foraminifera en Benthos'90, Sendai (1990), Tokai University Press, 93-102.
  2. ↑ a b Loeblich, A.R., Jr. y Tappan, H. (1988). Foraminiferal genera and their classification. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company (ed.), 2 vol., 1-970, 1-21.
  3. ↑ Molina, E. (2002, 2004). Micropaleontología. Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, Colección Textos Docentes, nº 93. ISBN 84-7733-619-9. 634 pp.
  4. ↑ Flakowski, J., Bolívar, I., Fahrni, J. y Pawlowski, J. (2005). Actin Phylogeny Of Foraminifera. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 35(2): 93–102
  5. ↑ Sen Gupta, B.K. (1999). Systematics of modern Foraminifera. En: Sen Gupta, B.K. (Ed.), Modern Foraminifera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 7–36.
  6. ↑ Kaminski, M.A. (2000). The new and reinstated genera of agglutinated foraminifera published between 1986 and 1996. En: Hart, M.B., Kaminski, M.A. & Smart, C.B. (eds), Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera. Grzybowski Foundation Special Publication, 7, 185-219.
  7. ↑ Kaminski, M.A. (2004). The Year 2000 Classification of the Agglutinated Foraminifera. En: Bubík, M. & Kaminski, M.A. (eds), Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera. Grzybowski Foundation Special Publication, 8: 237-255.
  8. ↑ Kaminski, M.A. (2011). The New and Reinstated Genera of Agglutinated Foraminifera published between 2005 and 2008. En: Kaminski, M.A. & Filipescu, S., (eds), Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera. Grzybowski Foundation Special Publication, 16: 53-59.

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