Territorio de Nuevo México

Territorio de Nuevo México
Territory of New Mexico
Territorio organizado incorporado
1850-1912





Mapa de los territorios de Nuevo México y Arizona
Coordenadas 35°N 105°O / 35, -105
Capital Santa Fe
Entidad Territorio organizado incorporado
 • País Estados Unidos
Idioma oficial Inglés
Historia  
 • 9 de septiembre
de 1850		 Compromiso de 1850
 • 6 de enero
de 1912		 Erección en estado
Gobernador
• 1851-1852
• 1910-1912
James S. Calhoun (primero)
William J. Mills (último)
Precedido por		 Sucedido por
Santa Fe de Nuevo México ← (1850)
República de Texas ← (1850)
Territorio Confederado de Arizona ← (1865)
(1912) → Nuevo México
(1863) → Territorio de Arizona
(1861) → Territorio Confederado de Arizona
(1876) → Colorado
[editar datos en Wikidata]

El Territorio de Nuevo México se hizo un territorio organizado de los Estados Unidos el 9 de septiembre de 1850, y este existió hasta que Nuevo México se hiciera el 47.º estado el 6 de enero de 1912.

La parte occidental de Nuevo México vino del Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo en 1848, mientras el resto oriental de Nuevo México (del Río Grande hasta la frontera actual de Nuevo México-Texas) provino del Compromiso de 1850. La venta de La Mesilla de 1853 añadió una pequeña área adicional al Territorio de Nuevo México —la franja meridional de Arizona y Nuevo México—.[1]​[2]​

El territorio original en 1850 era la porción occidental de estado actual más la mayor parte de la futura Arizona (conocido como el Condado de Santa Ana), un pedazo de Colorado y otro de Nevada al sur del paralelo 36°30′ N. La cesión texana y la venta de La Mesilla ampliaron el territorio enormemente, pero el establecimiento del Territorio de Colorado el 28 de febrero de 1861 y del Territorio de Arizona el 24 de febrero de 1863 (al oeste del meridiano 109) dejó a Nuevo México con sus límites actuales.[3]​

Como parte de la ruta hacia California, Nuevo México y Arizona fueron territorio disputados durante la guerra de Secesión. Los colonos de la parte sur se unieron voluntariamente a los Estados Confederados de América ya en 1861. Sin embargo, la victoria de la Unión en la batalla de Glorieta (en el puerto de la Glorieta, apodada la "batalla de Gettysburg del Oeste") entre el 26 y el 28 de marzo de 1862,[4]​ fue determinante para obligar a las tropas confederadas a retirarse de Nuevo México.

Referencias

  1. ↑ William L. Marcy. «The Avalon Project: Gadsden Purchase Treaty: December 30, 1853». Yale University. Consultado el 15 de octubre de 2013. 
  2. ↑ Department of State - Gadsden Purchase
  3. ↑ New York Times - The New Territory of Arizona
  4. ↑ Edrington, Thomas S.; Taylor, John (2000-08). The Battle of Glorieta Pass: A Gettysburg in the West, March 26-28, 1862 (en inglés). UNM Press. ISBN 978-0-8263-2287-6. Consultado el 26 de julio de 2022. 

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