Sexta pandemia de cólera

La sexta pandemia de cólera se inició en 1899 en el noreste de la India (Raj británico)^[1]y se extendió por Asia y Europa^[2] hasta 1923,^[2]^[3] aunque algunas fuentes alargan la epidemia hasta 1932^[4] o incluso 1947.^[5] En Europa, la situación se vio agravada por el caos asociado al estallido de la Primera Guerra Mundial, entre 1914-1918.^[1]

La pandemia de cólera alcanzó Siria^[3] y Persia hacia 1903, la región del Caspio hacia 1904,^[6] Róterdam y Hungría en 1909,^[3] Nápoles en 1910, se cebó en los Balcanes,^[3]envuelta en guerra desde 1912 y el Imperio otomano a partir de 1910,^[6] e incluso llegó a los Estados Unidos a través de emigrantes italianos,^[7] además de seguir causando en la India centenares de miles de muertos.^[3] La pandemia fue el trasfondo de novelas como El amor en los tiempos del cólera y Muerte en Venecia, de Gabriel García Márquez y Thomas Mann, respectivamente.^[8]

Expansión a través de Asia
Expansión en Europa entre 1902 y 1910
Illustrated London News, 1905.
Illustrated London News, 1911.
Le Petit Journal, 1912.
El Gran Bufón, 1912.
Prácticas no higiénicas, ca. 1921.

Referencias

↑ ^a ^b Hays, 2005, pp. 345-353.
↑ ^a ^b Barua y Greenough, 1992, pp. 14-15.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Kohn, 2007, pp. 19.
↑ Hays, 2005, p. 347.
↑ Kotar y Gessler, 2014, pp. 259-264.
↑ ^a ^b Unat, 1995, pp. 55-65.
↑ Hays, 2005, pp. 345-346.
↑ Paya y Araya F, 2007, p. 397.

Bibliografía

Barua, Dhiman; Greenough, William B. (1992). Cholera (en inglés). Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9780306440779.
Hays, J. N. (2005). Epidemics and Pandemics: Their Impacts on Human History (en inglés). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781851096589.
Kohn, George C., ed. (2007). Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present (en inglés). Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438129235.
Kotar, S.L.; Gessler, J.E. (2014). Cholera: A Worldwide History (en inglés). McFarland. ISBN 9780786472420.
Paya, Ernesto; Araya F, Francisca (2007). «El cólera: Mann, Mahler y Visconti». Revista Chilena de Infectología 24 (5): 397. ISSN 0716-1018. doi:10.4067/S0716-10182007000500008. (enlace roto disponible en Internet Archive; véase el historial, la primera versión y la última).
Unat, E. K. (1995). «Cholera epidemics in the Ottoman Empire during 1910-1913 and relevant events». Yeni Tip Tarihi Arastirmalari (en turco) (1): 55-65. ISSN 1300-669X.

Datos: Q7533201
Multimedia: 1899-1923 cholera pandemic / Q7533201

Read other articles:

Buruh paksa Hungaria di Uni Soviet

Plakat peringatan untuk kerja paksa orang Hungaria di Uni Soviet Masalah Buruh paksa Hungaria di Uni Soviet setelah Perang Dunia II tidak pernah diteliti sampai kejatuhan Komunisme dan pembubaran Uni Soviet. Jumlah pastinya tidak diketahui, diduga sekitar 600.000 orang Hungaria yang telah ditangkap seluruhnya, termasuk sekitar 200.000 warga sipil. Diperkirakan 200.000 warga tewas.[1] Kasus ini merupakan bagian dari sistem kerja paksa orang asing di Uni Soviet. Selain itu, sejumlah ora...

Rain or Shine

Rain or ShinePoster promosiJudul asli그냥 사랑하는 사이 GenreAsmaraMelodramaDitulis olehYoo Bo-raSutradaraKim Jin-wonPemeranLee Jun-hoWon Jin-ahNegara asalKorea SelatanBahasa asliKoreaProduksiProduser eksekutifPark Jae-samRumah produksiCelltrion EntertainmentDistributorJTBCRilis asliJaringanJTBCFormat gambar1080i (HDTV)RilisDesember 2017 (2017-12) Rain or Shine (Hangul: 그냥 사랑하는 사이; RR: Geunyang Saranghaneun Sai) adalah serial televisi Korea ...

Hans Hollein

Hans HolleinHollein pada 1976Lahir30 March 1934 (1934-03-30)Wina, AustriaMeninggal24 April 2014 (2014-04-25) (aged 80)Wina, AustriaKebangsaanAustriaAlmamaterAkademi Seni Rupa Murni WinaPekerjaanArsitek Hans Hollein (30 Maret 1934 – 24 April 2014) adalah seorang arsitek dan perancang asal Austria[1] dan figur utama dari arsitektur pasca-modern.[2] Beberapa karya terkenalnya adalah Haas House dan Albertina di kota dalam Wina.[3] Referensi ...

Harry Gibson

For other people named Harry Gibson, see Harry Gibson (disambiguation). Harry GibsonGibson (middle) in New York, c. 1948Background informationBirth nameHarry RaabBorn(1915-06-27)June 27, 1915New York City, U.S.DiedMay 3, 1991(1991-05-03) (aged 75)Brawley, California, U.S.GenresJazzOccupation(s)Musician, singer, songwriterInstrument(s)Piano, vocalsYears active1944–1980sLabelsMusicraft, V-DiscMusical artist Harry The Hipster Gibson (June 27, 1915 – May 3, 1991),[1] born Harry R...

Pallacanestro Varese

Pallacanestro VaresePallacanestro Segni distintivi Uniformi di gara Casa Trasferta Colori sociali Bianco e rosso Dati societari Città Varese Nazione Italia Confederazione FIBA Europe Federazione FIP Campionato Serie A Fondazione 1945 Denominazione Pallacanestro Varese(1945-oggi) Proprietario Luis Scola Varese Sports And Entertainment S.r.l. Varese nel cuore s.c. a r.l. Il Basket Siamo Noi Presidente Antonio Bulgheroni Allenatore Tom Bialaszewski Impianto Palasport Lino Oldrini(5,107 p...

Siu mei

Cantonese roasted meat Not to be confused with Siu mai. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Siu mei – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Siu meiRoasted goose (top left)soy sauce chicken (top middle)white cut chicken (to...

Indian (fiume Florida)

Questa voce sugli argomenti fiumi degli Stati Uniti d'America e geografia della Florida è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Coordinate: 24°43′36″N 84°58′39″W / 24.726667°N 84.9775°W24.726667; -84.9775 IndianVeduta del fiumeStato Stati Uniti Stati federati Florida Lunghezza195 km Mappa del fiume Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale L'Indian è un fiume degli Stati Uniti d'America che scorre in Flor...

Maultasche

MaultaschenJenisPastaTempat asalGermanyBahan utamaPasta dough, minced meat, smoked meat, spinach, bread crumbs, onionsSunting kotak info • L • BBantuan penggunaan templat ini Media: Maultaschen Maultaschen (singular Maultascheⓘ) adalah makanan utama di kawasan Jerman. lbsPastaJenis Acini di pepe • Agnolotti • Anelli • Anellini • Barli telur • Bigoli • Bucatini • C...

Administrative regions of the Federal District (Brazil)

Overview of administrative divisions of Federal District, Brazil Map of the current Administrative Regions The administrative regions of the Federal District (Portuguese: regiões administrativas do Distrito Federal, RADF or RA) are administrative divisions of the Federal District, Brazil.[1][2] They have similar jurisdiction to municipalities, albeit with a much lesser degree of autonomy[citation needed]. However, administrators are not directly elected, but appointed...

迪奥斯达多·马卡帕加尔

迪奥斯达多·马卡帕加尔Diosdado Pangan Macapagal第9任菲律賓總統任期1961年12月30日—1965年12月30日前任卡洛斯·P·加西亚继任费迪南德·马科斯第6任菲律賓副總統任期1957年12月30日—1961年12月30日前任卡洛斯·P·加西亚继任伊曼纽尔·佩莱斯个人资料出生(1910-09-28)1910年9月28日美屬菲律賓馬尼拉逝世1997年4月21日(1997歲—04—21)（86歲）菲律賓馬卡迪墓地菲律賓馬卡迪達義市英...

Nieuport-Delage NiD 37

NiD 37 Nieuport-Deage NiD.37 fighter at the 1922 Paris Show Role Single-seat fighterType of aircraft National origin France Manufacturer Nieuport-Delage Designer E. Dieudonné First flight April 1923 Number built 1 The Nieuport-Delage NiD 37 was a single-engine, single-seat monoplane fighter aircraft and racer designed and built in France in the early 1920s. It had a small foreplane to bring the centre of pressure forward. Heavy, slower than expected and with turbo-supercharger problems, dev...

علم اجتماع الإرهاب

جزء من سلسلة مقالات حولعلم الاجتماع تاريخ فهرس المواضيع الرئيسية مجتمع عولمة سلوك الإنسان تأثير الإنسان على البيئة هوية الثورات الصناعية 3 / 4 / 5 تعقيد اجتماعي بنائية اجتماعية الثقافة البيئية مساواة اجتماعية إنصاف اجتماعي نفوذ اجتماعي تدرج اجتماعي بنية اجتماعية وجهات نظر ...

Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung

Die Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnung (heute oft im Plural Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnungen verwendet; abgekürzt VGR) ist ein Teilgebiet der Makroökonomie. Es handelt sich um ein statistisches Werk mehrerer Teilrechnungen, die die Leistung einer Volkswirtschaft erfassen. Den Schwerpunkt bilden die Entstehung, Verteilung und Verwendung des Bruttoinlandsprodukts (BIP) und des Bruttonationaleinkommens (BNE). Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Allgemeines 2 Ziele und Bedeutung 3 Geschichte 4 Berechnun...

Persid Jember

Indonesian football club This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2019)This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Fin...

Distretto di Lac

Questa voce sull'argomento distretti della Svizzera è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. LacdistrettoDistrict du LacSeebezirk Lac – VedutaMorat LocalizzazioneStato Svizzera Cantone Friburgo AmministrazioneCapoluogoMorat Lingue ufficialiFrancese, tedesco TerritorioCoordinatedel capoluogo46°55′N 7°07′E46°55′N, 7°07′E (Lac) Altitudine540 m s.l.m. Superficie142,1 km² Abitanti32 911 (2010) Densità23...

人類陰莖

此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2024年6月17日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目，无法查证的内容可能會因為异议提出而被移除。致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：人類陰莖 — 网页、新闻、书籍、学术、图像），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（判定指引）。陰莖人類男性生殖器官外觀（亞洲人種）：①陰毛 ②陰莖軸 ③冠狀溝 ④包皮 �...

Paul Seawright

British artist (born 1965) This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Paul Seawright – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message...

Gustaf Adolf Jonsson

Questa voce sull'argomento tiratori svedesi è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Gustaf Adolf JonssonNazionalità Svezia Tiro a segno Palmarès Competizione Ori Argenti Bronzi Olimpiadi 1 1 1 Vedi maggiori dettagli Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Gustaf Adolf Jonsson (Stoccolma, 26 giugno 1879 – Stoccolma, 30 aprile 1949) è stato un tiratore a segno svedese. Palmarès Olimpiadi 3 medaglie: 1 oro (Stoccolma 1912 nella...

Occupational inequality

Unequal treatment in the workplace This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (September 2015) Occupational inequality is the unequal treatment of people based on gender, sexuality, age, disability, socioeconomic status, religion, height, weight, accent, or ethnicity in the workplace. When researchers study trends in occupational inequality th...

Japan–South Africa relations

Bilateral relationsJapan–South Africa relations Japan South Africa Japan–South Africa relations are the current and historical bilateral relations between Japan and South Africa. History The genesis of trade relations between Japan and the future South Africa date to 1643 when Jan van Riebeeck first arrived at Dejima in Nagasaki harbor. Reebeck accompanied Jan van Elseracq, who was the representative of the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) in Japan. Seven years later in 1650, Riebeck prop...