Resto (química)

El acetato de bencilo tiene un grupo funcional éster (en rojo), un grupo funcional acetilo (rodeado de verde oscuro) y un resto benciloxi (rodeado de naranja claro). Se pueden hacer otras divisiones.

En química orgánica, un resto (en inglés moiety) es una parte de una molécula[1]​ del que normalmente se le da un nombre, ya que se puede encontrar dentro de otros tipos de moléculas también.

El término resto debe reservarse para describir las partes características más grandes de las moléculas y no usarse para describir grupos funcionales más pequeños,[1]​ que están formados por átomos que participan en reacciones químicas similares en la mayoría de las moléculas que los contienen. En algunos casos, los restos pueden estar compuestos por restos aún más pequeños y grupos funcionales.

Los restos que constituyen ramas que se extienden desde la columna vertebral de una molécula de hidrocarburo, que a menudo se pueden romper y sustituir con otras, se denominan sustituyentes o cadenas laterales.

Resto activo

En farmacología, un resto activo es la parte de una molécula o ion, excluyendo las porciones inactivas adjuntas, que es responsable de la acción fisiológica o farmacológica de una sustancia farmacéutica. Las porciones inactivas adjuntas de la sustancia farmacológica pueden incluir el alcohol o el resto ácido de un éster, una sal (incluida una sal con enlaces de hidrógeno o de coordinación) u otro derivado no covalente (como un complejo, quelato o clatrato).[2]​[3]​ El fármaco original puede ser en sí mismo un profármaco inactivo y solo después de que el resto activo se libera del original en forma libre se vuelve activo.

Véase también

Referencias

  1. ↑ a b «Illustrated Glossary of Organic Chemistry - Moiety». web.chem.ucla.edu. Consultado el 22 de abril de 2017. 
  2. ↑ «CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21». United States Food and Drug Administration. 1 de abril de 2018. Consultado el 15 de febrero de 2019. 
  3. ↑ «Electronic Code of Federal Regulations Title 21: Food and Drugs § 314.3». Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. United States Government Publishing Office. 22 de enero de 2019. Consultado el 15 de febrero de 2019. «Active moiety is the molecule or ion, excluding those appended portions of the molecule that cause the drug to be an ester, salt (including a salt with hydrogen or coordination bonds), or other noncovalent derivative (such as a complex, chelate, or clathrate) of the molecule, responsible for the physiological or pharmacological action of the drug substance.» 

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