Refugio (ecología)

Biodiversidad de una comunidad de arrecife de coral

Un refugio es un concepto en biología y ecología, en el cual un organismo puede escapar de la depredación escondiéndose en un área en la que es inaccesible o difícil de encontrar. Según la dinámica poblacional, cuando existen refugios disponibles, la población de depredador y presa aumentan de forma significativa; así tales áreas pueden mantener un mayor número de especies.[1]​[2]​[3]​[4]​

Refugios y biodiversidad

Arrecifes de coral

Los arrecifes de coral proporcionan la manifestación más drástica de los efectos ecológicos de los refugios.[5]​[6]​ Los arrecifes de coral que contienen muchos refugios presentan un 25% de especies de océano, aunque estos arrecifes representan solo un 0.1% del área de superficie del océano.[7]​[8]​[9]​[10]​  Además, los arrecifes de coral aumentan la diversidad no local al proporcionar tierras de puesta y un refugio para peces juveniles que viven en el océano abierto como adultos.[11]​

Selvas tropicales

La gran diversidad de especies de las selvas tropicales se debe también en parte a la diversidad y gran número de refugios que presentan.[12]​

Referencias

  1. ↑ Sih, Andrew (1987). «Prey refuges and predator-prey stability». Theoretical Population Biology 31: 1-12. doi:10.1016/0040-5809(87)90019-0. 
  2. ↑ McNair, James N (1986). «The effects of refuges on predator-prey interactions: A reconsideration». Theoretical Population Biology 29 (1): 38-63. PMID 3961711. doi:10.1016/0040-5809(86)90004-3. 
  3. ↑ Berryman, Alan A.; Hawkins, Bradford A.; Hawkins, Bradford A. (2006). «The refuge as an integrating concept in ecology and evolution». Oikos 115 (1): 192-196. doi:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.15188.x. 
  4. ↑ Cressman, Ross; Garay, József (2009). «A predator–prey refuge system: Evolutionary stability in ecological systems». Theoretical Population Biology 76 (4): 248-57. PMID 19751753. doi:10.1016/j.tpb.2009.08.005. 
  5. ↑ Gratwicke, B.; Speight, M. R. (2005). «The relationship between fish species richness, abundance and habitat complexity in a range of shallow tropical marine habitats». Journal of Fish Biology 66 (3): 650-667. ISSN 0022-1112. doi:10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00629.x. 
  6. ↑ Fontaneto, Diego; Sanciangco, Jonnell C.; Carpenter, Kent E.; Etnoyer, Peter J.; Moretzsohn, Fabio (2013). «Habitat Availability and Heterogeneity and the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool as Predictors of Marine Species Richness in the Tropical Indo-Pacific». PLoS ONE 8 (2): e56245. ISSN 1932-6203. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056245. 
  7. ↑ Spalding, M. D; Grenfell, A. M (1997). «New estimates of global and regional coral reef areas». Coral Reefs 16 (4): 225-30. doi:10.1007/s003380050078. 
  8. ↑ Spalding, Mark, Corinna Ravilious, and Edmund Green (2001). World Atlas of Coral Reefs. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press and UNEP/WCMC ISBN 0520232550.[página requerida]
  9. ↑ Mulhall, M. (Spring 2009) Saving rainforests of the sea: An analysis of international efforts to conserve coral reefs Archivado el 6 de enero de 2010 en Wayback Machine. Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum 19:321–351.
  10. ↑ Where are Corals Found? Archivado el 4 de marzo de 2016 en Wayback Machine. NOAA. Reviewed: 13 May 2011. Retrieved: 24 March 2015.
  11. ↑ Roberts, J. Murray (2009). Cold-Water Corals: The Biology and Geology of Deep-Sea Coral Habitats. Cambridge University Press. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-521-88485-3. 
  12. ↑ Ritchie, Euan G.; Johnson, Christopher N. (2009). «Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity conservation». Ecology Letters 12 (9): 982-998. ISSN 1461-023X. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01347.x. 

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