Plasmoide

Plasmoide natural producido en el campo magnético cercano a la Tierra producido por la reconexión magnética.

Un plasmoide es una estructura coherente de plasma confinada gracias a un campo magnético. Los plasmoides han sido propuestos como una explicación natural a los rayos globulares, a las búrbujas magnéticas en la magnetosfera, y a otros objetos en colas de cometas, en el viento, en la atmósfera solar o en la corriente heliósferica.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]​ Los Plasmoides producidos en el laboratorio incluyen configuraciones de campo invertido, spheromaks, modelos de agujeros negros y concentrados densos de plasma.

La palabra plasmoide fue creada en 1956 por Winston H. Bostick (1916-1991) para nombrar a cualquier "entidad plasmo-magnética":[8]

El plasma es emitido, no como una búrbuja amorfa, sino como la forma de un toro. Tomaremos la libertad de llamar a esta estructura toroidal un plasmoide, una palabra que da a entender una entidad plasmo-magnética. La palabra plasmoide será empleada como término genérico para toda entidad plasmo-magnética.

Características de los plasmoides

Bostick escribió:[8]

Los plasmoides aparecen al elongar los cilindros de plasma en dirección al campo magnético. Los plasmoides poseen un momento magnético medible, una velocidad de translación medible, un campo elétrico transversal, así como un tamaño perfectamente conocible. Los plasmoides pueden interactuar entre sí, aparentemente reflejándose entre ellos. Sus órbitas puede también curvarse hacia cualquier otro. Pueden convertirse en espirales hasta detenerse si se proyectaron dentro de un gas a una presión de 10-3 mm Hg. También pueden separarse en trozos y colisionar entre sí. Incluso hay indicios que apoyan la evidencia que pueden fusionarse y poseen rotación.

Un plasmoide tiene una presión interna sostenida por la presión del gas y la presión magnética del campo. Para mantener un radio estático del plasmoide, la presión debe estar equilibrada por una presión externa de confinamiento. En un campo abierto en el vacío, por ejemplo, el plasmoide rápidamente se expandirá y se disipará.

Aplicaciones cósmicas

Bostick aplicó su teoría de los plasmoides a fenómenos de astrofísica. Su trabajo en 1958, aplicado a la similitud de transformaciones de plasma de pares de plasmoides disparados por una pistola de plasma (dispositivo concentrador de plasma) que interactúan de tal forma que simular la formación temprana de una galaxia.[9][10][11]

Véase también

Notas

  1. Silberg, Paul A. (November 1962). «Ball lightning and plasmoids». Journal of Geophysical Research 67 (12): 4941-4942. Bibcode:1962JGR....67.4941S. doi:10.1029/JZ067i012p04941. 
  2. Friday, DM; Broughton, PB; Lee, TA; Schutz, GA; Betz, JN; Lindsay, CM (3 de octubre de 2013). «Further insight into the nature of ball-lightning-like atmospheric pressure plasmoids». The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 117 (39): 9931-40. Bibcode:2013JPCA..117.9931F. PMID 23767686. doi:10.1021/jp400001y. 
  3. Hones, E. W., Jr., "The magnetotail - Its generation and dissipation", (1976) Physics of solar planetary environments; Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Boulder, Colo., June 7–18, 1976. Volume 2.
  4. Roosen, R. G.; Brandt, J. C., "Possible Detection of Colliding Plasmoids in the Tail of Comet Kohoutek" (1976), Study of Comets, Proceedings of IAU Colloq. 25, held in Greenbelt, MD, 28 October - 1 November 1974. Edited by B. D. Donn, M. Mumma, W. Jackson, M. A'Hearn, and R. Harrington. National Aeronautics and Space Administration SP 393, 1976., p.378
  5. Lemaire, J.; Roth, M. (1981). «Differences between solar wind plasmoids and ideal magnetohydrodynamic filaments». Planetary and Space Science 29 (8): 843-849. Bibcode:1981P&SS...29..843L. doi:10.1016/0032-0633(81)90075-1. 
  6. Wang, S.; Lee, L. C.; Wei, C. Q.; Akasofu, S.-I., A mechanism for the formation of plasmoids and kink waves in the heliospheric current sheet (1988) Solar Physics (ISSN 0038-0938), vol. 117, no. 1, 1988, p. 157-169.
  7. Cargill, P. J.; Pneuman, G. W., "The energy balance of plasmoids in the solar atmosphere" (1986), Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X), vol. 307, Aug. 15, 1986, p. 820-825.
  8. a b Bostick, Winston H (1956). «Experimental Study of Ionized Matter Projected across a Magnetic Field». Physical Review 104 (2): 292-299. Bibcode:1956PhRv..104..292B. doi:10.1103/physrev.104.292. 
  9. Bostick, Winston H., "Possible Hydromagnetic Simulation of Cosmical Phenomena in the Laboratory" (1958) Cosmical Gas Dynamics, Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 8. Edited by Johannes Martinus Burgers and Richard Nelson Thomas. International Astronomical Union. Symposium no. 8, p. 1090
  10. W. L. Laurence, "Physicist creates universe in a test tube," New York Times, p. 1, Dec. 12, 1956.
  11. Bostick, W. H., "What laboratory-produced plasma structures can contribute to the understanding of cosmic structures both large and small" (1986) IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science (ISSN 0093-3813), vol. PS-14, Dec. 1986, p. 703-717.

Referencias

  • Bostick, W. H., "Estudio Experimental de Plasmoids", Fenómenos Electromagnéticos en Cosmical Física, Proceedings de IAU núm. de Simposio 6. Editado por Bo Lehnert. Unión Astronómica internacional. Núm. de simposio 6, Cambridge Prensa Universitaria, p. 87

Véase también

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