Pax Britannica

Un elaborado mapa del Imperio británico en 1886, marcado en rosa, el color tradicional para los dominios imperiales británicos en los mapas.

Pax Britannica —en español: paz británica— es una locución que hace referencia al período de dominación mundial británica comprendido entre 1815 y 1914, también llamada época del victorianismo pleno. Se caracterizó por una gran prosperidad económica, sustentada en los principios de la revolución industrial, la paz mundial y la fraternidad en todo el Imperio visto desde un enfoque capitalista.

Orígenes

Fue característica la expansión imperialista, organizando el imperio en zonas de extracción de recursos y de materias primas (mayor parte del continente africano), zonas de poblamiento (Canadá, Australia, la India) y zonas estratégicas, puntos de apoyo para el comercio imperial. También existió la posesión de un pequeño imperio en Europa (Irlanda), prolongación del propio territorio británico.

La sociedad instaurada en los territorios del imperio corroboraba dos valores comunes:

  • Una visión moralista y altamente conservadora que buscaba la exaltación de la familia ideal como núcleo social, el trabajo arduo y continuado como motor de cambio y progreso y una alta estratificación y distinción de funciones marcando la distinción entre la aristocracia (los pares) y el pueblo (los comunes). Cada miembro de la sociedad estaba llamado a llenar su rol de forma plena y agotar en sí mismo su especie.
"(...) El ministerio de la Guerra y el almirantazgo están dedicados a la preparación y defensa de estos mercados y a la protección del comercio...
Chamberlain ante la Cámara de Comercio de Birmingham, 1896

Referencias

  • Terminski, Bogumil, "La evolución del concepto de la paz perpetua en la historia del pensamiento político-jurídica", Rev. Esc. Hist. vol.10 no.1 Salta ene./jun. 2011.


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