Oirates

Imperio mongol c. 1207.
Mapa del Oirat medieval.

Los oirates (en mongol: oйрад -oirat-, antiguamente, también eleuths) es el nombre de un grupo de tribus nómadas dedicadas al pastoreo, de origen mongol.[1]​

Son el grupo más occidental de los mongoles cuyo hábitat ancestral se encuentra en la región de Altái de Xinjiang y el oeste de Mongolia.

Históricamente, los oirates estaban compuestos por cuatro tribus principales: zúngaros (choros u olots), torgut, dörbet y Joshut. Las tribus menores incluyen: joid, bayads, myangad, zajchin y baatud.

Fueron conquistados por la dinastía Qing en 1692

Este grupo incluye a las tribus que habitan en Kalmukia, una república federal de Rusia; a este subgrupo se lo denomina pueblo calmuco.

Referencias

  1. ↑ Owen Lattimore, The Desert Road to Turkestan. Los Euleuths son "el gran grupo occidental de tribus que marca con toda probabilidad una primitiva división racial". Refiriéndose a Samuel Couling de The Encyclopaedia Sinica (1917), escribe que el término "Eleuth se debió a misioneros franceses, que representaron el sonido de algo así como Ölöt. En chino, el mismo nombre fue transcrito como 厄鲁特 (pinyín: Elute; mongol: Olot).

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