Mórinos

Mórinos
Información geográfica
Área cultural Galia Belgica
Equivalencia actual Región de Nord-Pas-de-Calais
Información antropológica
Raíz étnica

Indoeuropeo
 Céltico
  Galos

   Mórinos
Pueblos relacionados Galos, germanos
Idioma Galo
Asentamientos importantes
civitas Bononia, Taruenna

Mapa de las Galias en la época de su conquista por César, indicando el territorio aproximado de los Morini

Los mórinos (en latín, Morini) fueron un pueblo galo, no se sabe si celta o germánico, que vivía en la Galia Bélgica. Tenían al norte a los menapios, al oeste el océano, al sur los ambianos y atrebates y al este no está fijado. Su nombre derivaría de la palabra celta mori (latín mare/maris, español mar).

Historia

Para los romanos cultos, el territorio de los mórinos equivalía al fin de la civilización, como indican el poeta Virgilio[1]​ y el erudito Plinio el Viejo.[2]

Julio César combatió a los mórinos con más éxito que con los menapios y les sometió con facilidad. Se cree que pudieron movilizar unos 25.000 hombres en 57 a. C.,[3]​ cuando César acometió contra ellos para utilizar su territorio como base de operaciones para intentar la invasión de Britannia, ya que su territorio, sobre las costas del Canal de la Mancha, era el más próximo a las islas.[4]​ A la vuelta de esta expedición, los mórinos se sublevaron y fueron reprimidos rápida y eficázmente por Tito Labieno al retornar de Britannia[5]

En su segunda expedición hacia las islas del año 54 a. C., César y sus tropas partieron de Portus Itius,[6]​ dentro del territorio de este pueblo.

Los mórinos se rebelaron en los tiempos del emperador Augusto, pero fueron derrotados por su legado Cayo Carinas entre 31 a. C. y 30 a. C..[7]​ A partir de ese momento Bononia se convirtió en un puerto romano[8]​ y Taruenna en colonia romana[9]​ y, como consecuencia, el país se romanizó rápidamente.

Bajo Vespasiano, se reclutó una unidad auxiliar del ejército romano de entre los mórinos, llamada Cohors I Morinorum, que fue asignada a la provincia Britannia.

Claudio Ptolomeo, en el siglo II, menciona dos de sus ciudades: Gesoriaco o Bononia (Boulogne-sur-Mer, Francia) y Taruenna (Thérouenne, Francia), a las que cabe añadir Castellum Morinorum (Cassel, Francia), que queda más al interior.

Parece que en el Bajo Imperio su territorio abarcaba la diócesis de Boulogne y los de Saint Omer e Ypern.

Notas

Mapa de las provincias galas, señalando la localización de los diferentes pueblos prerromanos que la habitaban.
  1. VIRGILIO, Aen., VIII 727: extremique hominum Morini, Rhenusque bicornis
  2. PLINIO, NH, XIX, 8: ultimique hominum existimati Morini.
  3. CÉSAR, Bel. Gal. II, 4, 9: Apud eos fuisse regem nostra etiam memoria Diviciacum, totius Galliae potentissimum, qui cum magnae partis harum regionum, tum etiam Britanniae imperium obtinuerit; nunc esse regem Galbam: ad hunc propter iustitiam prudentiamque summam totius belli omnium voluntate deferri; oppida habere numero XII, polliceri milia armata L; totidem Nervios, qui maxime feri inter ipsos habeantur longissimeque absint; XV milia Atrebates, Ambianos X milia, Morinos XXV milia, Menapios VII milia, Caletos X milia, Veliocasses et Viromanduos totidem, Atuatucos XVIIII milia; Condrusos, Eburones, Caerosos, Paemanos, qui uno nomine Germani appellantur, arbitrari ad XL milia.
  4. CÉSAR, Bel. Gal." V, 2, 3, cfr. infra, Estrabón, IV 5, 2.
  5. CAESAR. De Bel. Gal. IV, 38, 1: Caesar postero die T. Labienum legatum cum iis legionibus quas ex Britannia reduxerat in Morinos qui rebellionem fecerant misit. Qui cum propter siccitates paludum quo se reciperent non haberent, quo perfugio superiore anno erant usi, omnes fere in potestatem Labieni venerunt..
  6. CÉSAR, Bel. Gal., V, 2, 3: Collaudatis militibus atque eis qui negotio praefuerant, quid fieri velit ostendit atque omnes ad portum Itium convenire iubet, quo ex portu commodissimum in Britanniam traiectum esse cognoverat, circiter milium passuum XXX transmissum a continenti: huic rei quod satis esse visum est militum reliquit.
  7. Dión Casio, LI, 21, 6.
  8. PLINIO, NH. IV, 106: a Scaldi incolunt [texero] Texuandri pluribus nominibus, dein Menapi, Morini ora Marsacis iuncti pago qui Gesoriacus vocatur, Britanni, Ambiani, Bellovaci, Bassi...
  9. CIL XIII, 8727: Minervae/ Curladae/ T(itus) Punicius Ge/nialis IIv(i)r co/lon(iae) Morino/rum sacerdos/ Romae et Aug(usti)/ ob honorem / F(ecit) V(otum) A(nimo) M(emoriae) O(b) V(irtutem) L(ibens) .

Bibliografía

  • M. Besnier, Morini, RE. XVI, 1, Stuttgart 1933, cols. 305-307.

Enlaces externos

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