Idioma soninké

Soninké
Sooninkanxanne
Hablado en SenegalBandera de Senegal Senegal
GambiaBandera de Gambia Gambia
MaliBandera de Mali Mali
MauritaniaBandera de Mauritania Mauritania
y en los países de emigración (Francia, España, ...).
Hablantes 1,5 millones
Familia

Níger-congo
  lenguas mandé
    Mandé noroccidental

      Soninké
Escritura alfabeto latino
Códigos
ISO 639-2 snk
ISO 639-3 snk

El idioma soninké (también llamado sarakole, sarahule, serahuli y marka) es hablado aproximadamente por un millón y medio de personas principalmente de la etnia soninké en Malí, Senegal, Gambia y Mauritania.

Localización

  • En Burkina Fasso: Viven principalmente en el suroeste del país a lo largo de las fronteras de Malí y Costa de Marfil, en los alrededores de Nouna y Dédougou, provincias de Kossi y Mouhoun.
  • En Costa de Marfil. Viven principalmente a lo largo de la frontera con Malí y Burkina Fasso.
  • En Malí: Viven principalmente a lo largo del río de Senegal, en la zona fronteriza con Senegal, siendo las poblaciones con más soninké las de Kayes, Yelimane, Nioro, Nara, Banamba y Yélémané.
  • En Mauritania: Viven a lo largo de la frontera del sudoeste, en la región de Chamama o en la de Guidimakha.
  • En Senegal: Principalmente en el norte y sur de Bakel, a lo largo del río Senegal, siendo las poblaciones con más soninké las de Bakel, Ouaoundé, Moudéri, Yaféra, Jara y Gajaga.
  • En Gambia: Pueblos como Lamoi, Misira, Gambissara Arantxi, Diabugu

Pueblos vecinos: fulani, bamana, wólof, senufo, bobo.

Descripción lingüística

Fonología

Gramática

El soninké exhibe las características típicas de las lenguas mandé, escasa morfología verbal, morfología nominal reducida, carácter altamente aislante. El nombre no distingue género, a diferencia de la mayor parte de lenguas Níger-Congo.

La conjugación verbal se hace principalmente por medio de auxiliares teniendo la raíz dos formas básicas, una asociada al aspecto perfectivo y otra al imprefectivo. El tiempo (pasado, presente, futuro), la polaridad y a veces también el aspecto, se realiza mediante auxiliares:

Afirmativa Negativa
Imperfecto (1a) A wa riini
PER AUX venir
'él viene'
(1b) A nta riini
PER AUX venir
'él no viene'
Perfecto (2a) A Ø ri
PER AUX venir.PERF
'él ha venido'
(2b) A ma ri
PER AUX venir.PERF
'él no ha venido'

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

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