Fulminato de mercurio

 
Fulminato de mercurio
General
Fórmula estructural Imagen de la estructura
Fórmula molecular ?
Identificadores
Número CAS 628-86-4[1]​
ChEBI 39152
ChemSpider 9197626
PubChem 170839095 11022444, 170839095
UNII O8H2ZFF76L
InChI=InChI=1S/2CNO.Hg/c2*1-2-3;
Key: MHWLNQBTOIYJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Propiedades físicas
Masa molar 285,96662 g/mol
[editar datos en Wikidata]
Fórmula (química) estructural del ion fulminato

El fulminato de mercurio o fulminante de mercurio es una sal explosiva que se presenta en forma de cristales blancos. Es muy inestable y de descomposición exotérmica poco calórica, por lo que se utiliza como explosivo de iniciación.

La fórmula química del fulminato de mercurio es Hg(CNO)2.[2]​además esto fue lo que usó el señor Withe de breaking bad para recuperar el dinero con Tuco Salamanca.[3]​

Historia

Los alquimistas del siglo XVII ya mezclaban spiritus vini (etanol) y mercurio en aqua fortis (ácido nítrico) para conseguir un explosivo. Asimismo, Johann Kunckel se refiere a la reacción en su Laboratorium Chymicum, y en 1799, Edward Howard logró aislar su compuesto, y Alfred Nobel lo utilizó para detonar la dinamita.[2]​ Sin embargo, no sería hasta 2007 que Wolfgang Beck, Thomas Klapötke y su equipo determinarían la estructura cristalina del compuesto.[2]​

Preparación

El fulminato de mercurio se prepara disolviendo mercurio en ácido nítrico y luego agregando etanol. La reacción es exotérmica y libera gases tóxicos e inflamables.

Precauciones

El fulminato de mercurio es una sustancia extremadamente sensible y tóxica. Debe almacenarse en un lugar fresco, seco, y alejado de roces o golpes. El envenenamiento por mercurio es factible al manipularlo repetidamente en ambiente cerrado.

En la película de comedia de 1955 Mister Roberts, el alférez Frank Pulver dispara un petardo de fulminante de mercurio y hace estallar la proa del barco.

En la serie western de televisión Have Gun – Will Travel, Temporada 4 Episodio 10 "Crowbait", Russell Collins interpreta al prospector Crowbait, que lleva mercurio fulminado. Paladín se preocupa por ser volado mientras se quita un saco de paquete.

En el sexto episodio de la primera temporada de Breaking Bad titulado "Crazy Handful of Nothin'", Walter White usó mercurio (II) fulminado (Los cazadores de mitos descubrieron que se agregó un poco de fulminado de plata) para volar la sede de Tuco Salamanca.

En el episodio de 1972 de Mannix, llamado "A Walk in the Shadows", la policía determina que el mercurio fulminado es el material explosivo utilizado en un asesinato, al volar un barco.

Referencias

  1. ↑ Número CAS
  2. ↑ a b c (en inglés) «300 years after discovery, structure of mercury fulminate finally determined.» Phys.org. Consultado el 21 de septiembre de 2014.
  3. ↑ «Fulminato de mercurio». Breaking Bad Wiki. Consultado el 4 de noviembre de 2024. 

3. Breaking Bad, temporada 1, capítulo 6

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