Educación comparada

La educación comparada es un campo académico de estudio que examina la educación mediante el método comparativo con el fin de contribuir a su mejora. Busca descubrir, estudiar y comparar el complejo entramado que representa en cada pueblo el proceso educativo. Es una disciplina provista de un doble carácter: uno básico en el sentido de conocer los fenómenos educativos como entidades complejas que forman parte de la realidad; y uno aplicado porque a través del análisis pretende buscar soluciones a los problemas que aquejan a los sistemas educativos mundiales.

Los estudios comparados en educación tienen una larga tradición histórica que se remonta al comienzo del siglo XIX pero que hasta bien entrado el siglo XX no adquieren su estatus científico y académico. Un importante rol en el crecimiento e interés por la disciplina han jugado los organismos internacionales tanto los de cooperación como los de crédito en el ámbito educativo. Actualmente muchas de estas investigaciones son insumos de actividades comparativas realizadas desde instituciones académicas o bien desde instituciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales. En este sentido la educación comparada emerge como una disciplina de gran utilidad en la búsqueda de soluciones a problemas que en cierta manera afectan globalmente a diversos países: la pobreza del sur y su impacto en el norte; la articulación entre desarrollo sostenible y educación; educación y multiculturalismo; educación para la paz, son ejemplos de proyectos comparativos de gran envergadura llevados adelante ante los eventuales acontecimientos de este comienzo de siglo. Muchas universidades del mundo ofrecen diversos cursos y programas de educación comparada y estudios relevantes se publican regularmente en revistas especializadas como Comparative Education, International Review of Education, Mediterranean Journal of Educational Studies,International Journal of Educational Development, Comparative Education Review y Current Issues in Comparative Education. Los estudios e investigaciones sobre educación comparada se apoya desde varios proyectos asociados a la UNESCO así como desde varios ministerios de educación de diversos países.

Campo de actuación y objetivos

Según Harold J Noah (1985) y el Dr. Farooq Joubish (2009), la educación comparada persigue cuatro propósitos:

  1. Describir los sistemas, procesos y resultados educativos
  2. Ayudar al desarrollo de instituciones y prácticas educativas
  3. Poner de relieve las relaciones entre educación y sociedad
  4. Establecer afirmaciones generales sobre educación que sean válidas en más de un país

La educación comparada no solo se enfoca a estudios que comparan dos o más países diferentes sino que desde el principio de esta disciplina también se ha enfocado al estudio de la educación en un mismo país en diferentes momentos del tiempo. Así, algunos grandes proyectos como el programa PISA (ver Informe PISA) han obtenido importantes conclusiones mediante macroanálisis comparativos de grandes cantidades de información.

Autores

Bibliografía

  • Educational Research, Methodology and Measurement: An International Handbook. 2nd ed. Edited by J.P. Keeves. New York: Pergamon, 1997.
  • International Handbook of Research in Arts Education. Edited by Liora Bresler. New York: Springer, 2006.
  • International Encyclopedia of Adult Education and Training. 2nd ed. Edited by Albert C. Tuijnman. Oxford, UK; Tarrytown, NY: Pergamon, 1996.
  • International Encyclopedia of National Systems of Education. 2nd ed. Edited by T. Neville Postlethwaite. Tarrytown, NY: Pergamon, 1995.
  • International Companion to Education, Edited by Moon, B. Ben-Peretz, M & Brown S. London & NY: Routledge, 2000.
  • International Handbook of Educational Change. Edited by Andy Hargreaves, et al. Boston,: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
  • International Handbook of Educational Leadership and Administration. Edited by Kenneth Leithwood, et al. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 1996.
  • International Handbook of Teachers and Teaching. Edited by Bruce J. Biddle, Thomas L. Good, Ivor F. Goodson. Boston,: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
  • International Handbook of Women's Education. Edited by Gail P. Kelly. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.

Bibliografía adicional

  • Altbach, Philip G. Comparative Higher Education: Knowledge, the University, and Development. Greenwich, CT: Ablex Pub. Corp.,1998.
  • Comparative Education Research Approaches and Methods. Edited by Mark Bray, Bob Adamson and Mark Mason. Hong Kong and Dordrecht: Springer, 2007.
  • Emergent Issues in Education: Comparative Perspectives. Edited by Robert F. Arnove, Philip G. Altbach, and Gail P. Kelly. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1992.
  • Arnove, R. and Torres, C. eds (1999) Comparative Education: The Dialectic of the Global and the Local. Oxford: Rowan and Littlefield.
  • International Perspectives on Educational Reform and Policy Implementation. Edited by David S.G. Carter and Marnie H. O'Neill. Washington, DC: Falmer Press, 1995.
  • Quality Assurance in Higher Education: An International Perspective. Edited by Gerald H. Gaither. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1998.
  • Higher Education Policy: An International Comparative Perspective. Edited by Leo Goedegebuure, et al. New York: Pergamon Press, 1994.
  • David G. Hebert. Music Competition, Cooperation, and Community: An Ethnography of a Japanese School Band (Ann Arbor: Proquest/UMI, 2005).
  • Alexandra Kertz-Welzel. "Didaktik of Music: A German Concept and its Comparison to American Music Pedagogy". International Journal of Music Education (Practice) 22 No. 3 (2004): 277-286.
  • Harold J. Noah and Max A. Eckstein. Toward a Science of Comparative Education (New York: Macmillan, 1969).
  • Harold J. Noah and Max A. Eckstein. Secondary School Examinations: International Perspectives on Policies and Practice (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993). ISBN 0-300-05393-2.
  • Harold J. Noah and Max A. Eckstein. Doing Comparative Education: Three Decades of Collaboration (Hong Kong: The University of Hong Kong Press, 1998). ISBN 962-8093-87-8
  • Mazawi, A.E. & Sultana, R.G. (eds)(2010). Education and the Arab 'World'. Political Project, Struggles, and Geometries of Power. (New York: Routledge). ISBN 978-0-415-80034-1
  • Reagan, Timothy G. Non-Western Educational Traditions: Alternative Approaches to Educational Thought and Practice. Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates, 1996.
  • Vulliamy, G., Lewin, K. and Stephens, D. (1990) Doing Educational Research in Developing Countries: Qualitative Strategies. Lewes: Falmer Press.
  • Higher Education in an International Perspective: Critical Issues. Edited by Zaghloul Morsy and Philip G. Altbach. New York: Garland Pub., 1996.

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