Constante de Apéry

Aproximación de la constante de Apéry mediante su sucesión de sumas parciales.

En matemáticas, la constante de Apéry es un número curioso que aparece en diversas situaciones. Se define como el número ζ(3) tal que,

donde ζ es la función zeta de Riemann. Y tiene un valor de

Teorema de Apéry

Este valor debe su nombre a Roger Apéry (1916-1994), quien en 1977 probó que era irracional. Este resultado es conocido como "Teorema de Apéry". La prueba original es compleja y pruebas más cortas han sido halladas usando los Polinomios de Legendre.

El resultado ha permanecido bastante aislado: poco se sabe sobre ζ(n) para otros números impares n.

Representación por series

En 1772, Leonhard Euler dio la representación de la serie

que fue posteriormente redescubierta varias veces, incluyendo Ramaswami en 1934.

Simon Plouffe dio numerosas series, que son notables en cuanto a que pueden dar varios dígitos por repetición. Estas incluyen:

y

Muchas series sumatorias han sido encontradas, incluyendo:

y

donde

Algunas de estas han sido utilizadas para calcular varios millones de dígitos de la constante de Apéry.

Representación por integrales

Hay también muchas representaciones integrales para la constante de Apéry, de los más sencillos

o

que se derivan trivialmente de las definiciones integrales clásicas de la función zeta de Riemann, hasta bastante complicadas, como, por ejemplo,

vea Johan Jensen,[1]​ o

vea F. Beukers,[2]​ o

vea Iaroslav Blagouchine.[3]​ Además, el vínculo a las derivadas de la función gamma

también puede usarse para obtener muchas otras representaciones mediante conocidas fórmulas integrales para la función gamma y sus derivadas logarítmicas.

Referencias

  1. Johan Ludwig William Valdemar Jensen. Note numéro 245. Deuxième réponse. Remarques relatives aux réponses du MM. Franel et Kluyver. L'Intermédiaire des mathématiciens, tome II, pp. 346-347, 1895.
  2. F. Beukers A Note on the Irrationality of ζ(2) and ζ(3). Bull. London Math. Soc. 11, pp. 268-272, 1979.
  3. Iaroslav V. Blagouchine Rediscovery of Malmsten’s integrals, their evaluation by contour integration methods and some related results. The Ramanujan Journal, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 21-110, 2014. PDF

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