Consciencia animal

"Niveles de consciencia cercanos al del humano" han sido observados en el loro gris africano[1]​

La consciencia animal (o conciencia animal) es la calidad o estado de conciencia propia de un animal, es decir, de experimentar subjetivamente los objetos externos o bien algo dentro de él mismo.[2]​[3]​ La conciencia ha sido definida como: sentidos, estar al corriente del mundo circundante, subjetividad, la capacidad de experimentar, estar despierto, tener un sentido de identidad, y el sistema ejecutivo de control de la mente.[4]​ A pesar de la dificultad en definirla, muchos filósofos creen que hay una intuición subyacente compartida en términos generales sobre qué es consciencia.[5]​

La mayoría de los científicos que estudian el tema reconocen que los organismos con sistema nervioso central tienen alguna capacidad cerebral para sentir sufrimiento y disfrute en forma de experiencias conscientes. El 7 de julio de 2012 un prominente grupo internacional de neurocientificos cognitivos[6]​[7]​ se dieron cita en la Universidad de Cambridge (Reino Unido) para celebrar la Francis Crick Memorial Conference 2012,[8]​ que trató sobre la consciencia en los humanos y animales dieron a conocer la Declaración de Cambridge sobre la Conciencia (Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness), en la cual se reconoce que otros animales distintos al ser humano también poseen consciencia.[9]​ También se discute en qué medida los invertebrados tienen esas capacidades.[10]​[11]​[12]​[13]​[14]​[15]​[16]​

El tema de la consciencia animal es desglosado con algunas dificultades. Plantea el problema de otras mentes de forma especialmente definida porque los animales, careciendo de la capacidad de expresar lenguaje humano, no pueden comunicar sus experiencias con el detalle al que estamos acostumbrados.[17]​

Declaración de Nueva York sobre la Consciencia Animal

La Declaración de Nueva York sobre la Consciencia Animal fue firmada por 264 profesores líderes, investigadores, neurobiólogos, profesores de ciencias naturales y comportamiento animal que se reunieron para discutir el futuro del compromiso humano con las especies no humanas.[18]​ La declaración, de cuatro párrafos, se dio a conocer el 19 de abril de 2024 en una conferencia de un día llamada La ciencia emergente de la conciencia animal que se celebró en la Universidad de Nueva York.[19]​

La declaración actualiza el esfuerzo más reciente para establecer un consenso científico sobre la conciencia animal. La nueva declaración amplía el alcance de la Declaración de Cambridge sobre la Conciencia de 2012 y también está redactada de forma más cuidadosa.[19]​

Véase también

Referencias

  1. ↑ The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness (Archive) 7 July 2012.
  2. ↑ «consciousness». Merriam-Webster. Consultado el 22 de abril de 2014. 
  3. ↑ Robert van Gulick (2004). «Consciousness». Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 
  4. ↑ Farthing G (1992). The Psychology of Consciousness. Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-728668-3. 
  5. ↑ John Searle (2005). «Consciousness». En Honderich T, ed. The Oxford companion to philosophy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-926479-7. 
  6. ↑ http://fcmconference.org/img/FCMCProgram.pdf
  7. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120914040924/http://mataderos.cl/declaracion-de-cambridge/
  8. ↑ http://fcmconference.org/#
  9. ↑ http://fcmconference.org/img/CambridgeDeclarationOnConsciousness.pdf
  10. ↑ http://axxon.com.ar/noticias/2010/03/humanos-e-insectos-comparten-un-mecanismo-molecular-ancestral-asociado-al-dolor/
  11. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20111115120022/http://www.publico.es/ciencias/14872/los-crustaceos-lo-pasan-mal-en-el-puchero
  12. ↑ http://www.europapress.es/ciencia/noticia-cangrejos-sufren-dolor-ademas-no-olvidan-20090327181709.html
  13. ↑ SNODGRASS, R. Anatomy of the Honey Bee. Ithaca, NY: Comstock Publishing Associates, 1956.
  14. ↑ «Copia archivada». Archivado desde el original el 26 de julio de 2017. Consultado el 18 de julio de 2017. 
  15. ↑ BALDERRAMA, N. et al. "Behavioral and Pharmacological Analysis of the Stinging Response in Africanized and Italian Bees". En: Menzel, R. (ed.); Mercer, A. (ed). Neurobiology and Behavior of Honeybees. R. Menzel & A. Mercer. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987. p. 127
  16. ↑ NÚÑEZ, J. A. et al. "Alarm Pheromone Induces Stress Analgesia via an Opioid System in the Honeybee". Physiology & Behaviour, 1997, vol. 63 (1), p. 78-79.
  17. ↑ Colin Allen. Edward N. Zalta, ed. «Animal consciousness». Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2011 Edition). 
  18. ↑ Pinnock, Don (27 de junio de 2024). «Top scientists declare animals conscious – they feel pain, joy and sadness». Daily Maverick (en inglés). Consultado el 14 de julio de 2024. 
  19. ↑ a b Falk, Dan (27 de abril de 2024). «A New Declaration of Animal Consciousness». The Atlantic (en inglés). Consultado el 14 de julio de 2024. 

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