Berberis darwinii

Michay

Berberis darwinii, hojas e inflorescencia con algún fruto incipiente.
Taxonomía
Reino: Plantae
Clase: Magnoliopsida
Orden: Ranunculales
Familia: Berberidaceae
Subfamilia: Berberidoideae
Tribu: Berberideae
Subtribu: Berberidinae
Género: Berberis
Especie: Berberis darwinii
Hook., Hooker's Icon., Pl. 7: t.672, 1844
[editar datos en Wikidata]

Berberis darwinii (michay, mechay, michai) es una especie de arbusto espinoso perennifolio que habita desde la Región de Ñuble hacia el sur de Chile y zonas cordilleranas del sur de Argentina.

Ilustración

Descripción

Es una planta leñosa de aproximadamente 1,5 a 4 m de altura. Sus hojas son duras, con la nervadura visible y el haz de color verde brillante, de 12-25 mm de largo y 5-12 mm de ancho. La lámina de la hoja es convexa y de forma romboide o aovada, con tres pequeñas espinas en los vértices. Las flores son pentámeras, de 4-5 mm de largo, de color amarillo anaranjado y se agrupan en racimos de 2-7 cm de largo. El fruto es una baya negro azulada con semillas ricas en amigdalina, un compuesto para disuadir a los herbívoros. Peso 75 g.

En el clima templado lluvioso del sur de Chiloé, florece durante toda la primavera y parte del verano, pero produce pocos frutos a causa de la fragilidad de sus flores que son arrancadas por el viento y la lluvia.

Usos

La raíz y la corteza del michay se usan para teñir lana de color amarillo. Sus frutos, semejantes a los del calafate, son comestibles al igual que sus flores, que tienen un sabor ácido.

Se usa como planta ornamental en Argentina y Chile, y en sus tierras de origen se reconoce lo atractivo que puede resultar el contraste entre sus flores amarillas y su follaje oscuro y brillante.

Taxonomía

Berberis darwinii fue descrita por William Jackson Hooker y publicado en Icones Plantarum 7: pl. 672. 1844.[1]​

Etimología

Berberis: nombre genérico que es la forma latinizada del nombre árabe de la fruta.[2]​

darwinii: epíteto otorgado en honor de Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882).

Sinonimia

Referencias

  1. ↑ «Berberis darwinii». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 2 de febrero de 2013. 
  2. ↑ En Nombres Botánicos
  3. ↑ The Plant List

Bibliografía

  1. Bailey, L. H. & E. Z. Bailey. 1976. Hortus Third i–xiv, 1–1290. MacMillan, New York.
  2. Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 1997. Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae. 3: i–xxiii, 1–590. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
  3. Landrum, L. R. 1999 [2000]. Revision of Berberis (Berberidaceae) in Chiloé and adjacent southern Argentina. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 86(4): 793–834.
  4. Whittemore, A. T. 1993. Berberis (Berberidaceae). 20 pp.
  5. Zuloaga, F. O. 1997. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74(1–2): 1–1331.

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