Apoplasto

Diagrama de absorción y de agua por raíces de una planta

El apoplasto es un espacio extracelular periférico al plasmalema de las células vegetales por el que fluyen agua y otras sustancias; este transporte se dice que se realiza por la vía del apoplasto.[1]​ En las raíces llega a representar un 10% de su volumen.[2]​ En las mencionadas raíces la ruta del apoplasto a través de la endodermis está impedida puesto que la banda de Caspari, impregnada de lignina y suberina (impermeables), provoca que el flujo sea a través del citoplasma de las células (es decir, a través del simplasto). La vía del apoplasto transporta sustancias muy diversas, como el dióxido de carbono (que se capta de la atmósfera y que ha de ser transportado al cloroplasto para que intervenga en la fijación del carbono durante la fotosíntesis), sales minerales (captadas del suelo a través de la raíz) e incluso elementos de respuesta a estrés (por ejemplo, interviene en la resistencia sistémica adquirida a fitopatógenos).[3]​

Referencias

  1. ↑ Campbell, N.A.; Reece, J.B. (2002). Biology. California: Benjamin Cummings. pp. 753–754. ISBN 0-8053-6624-5. 
  2. ↑ Azcón-Bieto,J y Talón, M. (2000). «Fundamentos de Fisiología Vegetal». Mc Graw Hill Interamericana de España SAU. ISBN 84-486-0258-7. 
  3. ↑ H. H. Felle; A. Herrmann; R. Hückelhoven; K.-H. Kogel (diciembre de 2005). «Root-to-shoot signalling: apoplastic alkalinization, a general stress response and defence factor in barley (Hordeum vulgare)». Protoplasma (Springer Wien) 227 (1): 17-24. PMID 16389490. doi:10.1007/s00709-005-0131-5. 

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