Acetilcolinesterasa

La acetilcolinesterasa o colinesterasa grupo sanguineo (AChE) es una enzima humana de la familia de colinesterasas que se encuentra en los tejidos nerviosos y los glóbulos rojos, cuya función principal es hidrolizar al neurotransmisor acetilcolina.^[1] En los glóbulos rojos constituye un antígeno celular llamado Yt.^[2]

Características

La enzima acetilcolinesterasa existe en varias isoformas moleculares, cada una con propiedades catalíticas similares, aunque difieren en la forma como se adhieren a la superficie de la membrana celular.^[2] Por ejemplo, las variantes neuronales de la AChE tienen actividades enzimáticas indistinguibles entre ellos, pero difieren en su expresión, en el ensamblaje de sus cadenas y en la asociación proteica a nivel de la membrana.^[3] El complejo enzimático es codificado por un solo gen en el cromosoma 7 y las formas diferentes de unión a la membrana celular aparecen luego de modificaciones después de la traducción genética,^[4] así como por el uso de diferentes promotores del ADN.^[3]

Patologías

Modular la actividad de la acetilcolinesterasa es una de las maniobras terapéuticas fundamentadas en aliviar las funciones cognitivas en pacientes con la enfermedad de Alzheimer.^[5]

La acetilcolinesterasa es el blanco de los gases nerviosos, los cuales bloquean su acción causando una contracción muscular interminable por todo el cuerpo.

Referencias

↑ Soreq H, Seidman S (2001). «Acetylcholinesterase--new roles for an old actor.». Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2 (4): 294-302. PMID 11283752. doi:10.1038/35067589.
↑ ^a ^b «Entrez Gene: ACHE acetylcholinesterase (Yt blood group)». Consultado el 1 de abril de 2008.
↑ ^a ^b Meshorer E, Soreq H (2006). «Virtues and woes of AChE alternative splicing in stress-related neuropathologies.». Trends Neurosci. 29 (4): 216-24. PMID 16516310. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.02.005.
↑ Silman I, Futerman AH (1988). «Modes of attachment of acetylcholinesterase to the surface membrane.». Eur. J. Biochem. 170 (1-2): 11-22. PMID 3319614.
↑ Pakaski M, Kasa P (2003). «Role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the metabolism of amyloid precursor protein.». Current drug targets. CNS and neurological disorders 2 (3): 163-71. PMID 12769797.

Datos: Q22676679

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