The village was established in 1950 by immigrants from Yemen, and was initially named Dayraban Gimel after the nearby depopulated Palestinian village of Dayr Aban.[2] In the following years the founders left and were replaced by immigrants from Morocco.
Education
The Beit Shemesh Yeshiva is located in Zanoah. Most of the students are from Ramat Beit Shemesh Alef. Aside from Talmud study, the curriculum includes English language and mathematics, and unlike many such institutions in Israel today, students study for the Bagrut matriculation exams.[3] From 2004 to 2015, when it closed, Zanoah was also the home of Yeshivat Yesodei HaTorah, which offered a gap year program for international English-speaking students.
History of archaeological site
The old site lies on a hill, adjacent to the watercourse Nahal Zanoah, a stream that runs north and drains into Nahal Sorek.[4] Although listed in Joshua 15:34 as being a city in the plain, it is actually partly in the hill country, partly in the plain.
The ruins of Khurbet Zanuʻ which lie on a high hill south of the moshav are thought to be the ancient village of Zanoah,[5][6] mentioned in Egyptian letters, later part of the tribe of Judah (Joshua 15:34), and in the "Second Temple period ... reinhabited,"[7][8] as recorded in the Bible (Nehemiah 3:13).[Note 1] During the 1st-century CE, the village was known by the name Zenoha.
An overhead power line now runs through the ancient site. The site reeks with antiquity, with the signs of an old settlement everywhere. The area of the old settlement is extensive, with razed structures that once stood as walls and houses. Shards of broken pottery are strewn extensively throughout the grounds, with several open-mouthed cisterns and antres.
Zanoah is mentioned in the Book of Nehemiah as one of the towns resettled by the Jewish exiles returning from the Babylonian captivity and who helped to construct the walls of Jerusalem during the reign of the Persian king, Artaxerxes I (Xerxes).[11][12] Nehemiah further records that those returnees were the very descendants of the people who had formerly resided in the town before their banishment from the country, who had all returned to live in their former places of residence.[13] Whether the reference there refers to the Zanoah in the Shefelah (Joshua 15:34) or to the Zanoah in the Judaean mountains (now known as Khirbet Zanuta[14]) is now unclear, as there were two places by the same name. Based on the archaeological evidence, Zanoah in the Shefelah was a settled village during the Persian period.[15]
According to the Mishnah, compiled in the 2nd-century CE (Munich MS., Menahot 83b),[16] the finest of the wheat used to grow in the valley adjacent to Zanoah, from whence it was taken for the Omer offering in the Temple.
Eusebius (3rd–4th century CE) mentions Zanoah in his Onomasticon as a village "within the borders of Eleutheropolis (Beit Gubrin) on the way to Ailia (Jerusalem)," and which was still inhabited in his day.[17]
An archaeological survey of the site was conducted in 2008 by Pablo Betzer on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA).[19] The site has never been excavated.
Gallery of the nearby Zanoah Ruin (Kh. Zanua)
Zanoah ruin, old house of recycled stones
Arched doorway, Kh. Zanua (Old Zanoah)
Voussoir stone in Zanoah
Gaping hole in cistern at the Zanoah Ruin
General view of ruins at the Zanoah ruin (Khurbet Zanua)
Open cistern at the Zanoah ruin
Open pit in the Old Zanoah
Stone covering of cistern
Razed blocks of hewn stones at Zanoah
Stone relics at ruin of Zanoah
Rock-carved foundation of house in the Zanoah ruin
General view of ruins at Khurbet Zanua (Zanoah)
Stone relic of Zanoah
House foundation at Kh. Zanoah
Notes
^There were two towns bearing the same name; one in the Shefelah of Judah, called זנוח (Zanoah),[9] and the other in the mountainous district of Judah, also called זנוח (Zanoah)[10]
^Aharoni, Y. (1979). The Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography (2 ed.). Philadelphia: Westminster Press. p. 443. ISBN0664242669. OCLC6250553. (original Hebrew edition: 'Land of Israel in Biblical Times - Historical Geography', Bialik Institute, Jerusalem (1962))
^Joshua 15:56. Cf. Amit, David (n.d.). "Khirbet Zanuta". In Ben-Yosef, Sefi (ed.). Israel Guide - Judaea (A useful encyclopedia for the knowledge of the country) (in Hebrew). Vol. 9. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, in affiliation with the Israel Ministry of Defence. p. 229. OCLC745203905.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
^Josephus (1981). Josephus Complete Works. Translated by William Whiston. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Kregel Publications. p. 236 (Antiquities 11.5.7.). ISBN0-8254-2951-X.
^Ben-Yosef, Sefi[in Hebrew] (n.d.). "Khirbet Zanuta". In Sefi Ben-Yosef (ed.). Israel Guide - Judaea (A useful encyclopedia for the knowledge of the country) (in Hebrew). Vol. 9. Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, in affiliation with the Israel Ministry of Defence. p. 229. OCLC745203905.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link); cf. Joshua 15:56
^Finkelstein, I. (2012). "The Historical Reality behind the Genealogical Lists in 1 Chronicles". Journal of Biblical Literature. 131 (1). The Society of Biblical Literature: 68. doi:10.2307/23488212. JSTOR23488212.
^Danby, H. ed., (1933), MishnahMenahot 8:1 (p. 502); Jastrow, M., ed. (2006), Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, p. 406, OCLC614562238, s.v. זנוחא. Both editors have used זנוחה, as found in the Munich MS., as the principalis lectionis, and acknowledging that a scribal error befell the copyist of the Tosefta [Zuckermandel edition] (Menahot 9:2), where he wrote זו לחה, instead of וזנוחה.
^Chapmann III, R.L.; Taylor, J.E., eds. (2003). Palestine in the Fourth Century A.D.: The Onomasticon by Eusebius of Caesarea. Translated by G.S.P. Freeman-Grenville. Jerusalem: Carta. p. 92. ISBN965-220-500-1. OCLC937002750., s.v. Zanaoua
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