Born in Colón, Bárcenas made his senior debut with hometown side Árabe Unido on 29 July 2012, coming on as a substitute in a 2–2 away draw against Plaza Amador. He scored his first goal for the club on 1 February 2014, netting the game's only in a home defeat of San Francisco.
On 15 January 2016, Bárcenas was loaned to Croatian side RNK Split for six months.[2] After appearing rarely, he returned to Árabe Unido before joining Ascenso MX side Cafetaleros de Tapachula on 23 January 2017, also in a temporary deal.[3]
On 26 December 2017, Bárcenas joined Cafetaleros permanently, with a deal to Tijuana arranged in the following July.[4] On 18 July 2018, however, he was loaned to Segunda División side Real Oviedo for one year.[5] On 9 August 2019, Bárcenas' loan was extended for a further campaign.[6]
On 5 October 2020, Bárcenas joined Girona on loan.[7] The following 8 August, he moved to fellow second division team CD Leganés also in a temporary deal.[8]
In June 2022 Liga MX club Mazatlán announced they had signed Bárcenas to a deal.[9]
On 14 May 2018, Bárcenas was named in Panama's preliminary 35-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia, and was also among the final squad announced on 30 May.[12] He appeared in all matches of the tournament, as Panama was knocked out in the group stage.