Ying Yuan

Ying Yuan (Chinese: 郢爰; pinyin: yǐng yuán) were stamped blocks of gold bullion. This was an early form of currency that could be considered a precursor to gold coins.^[1]^{[self-published source]} They were issued by the ancient Chinese state of Chu during the Warring States period between the 400s and late 200s BCE.^[1]

Names

Because these gold blocks are inscribed with Chinese characters they are variously known as yin zi jin (Chinese: 印子金; pinyin: yìn zǐ jīn), jin ban (Chinese: 金版; pinyin: jīn bǎn), or gui bi (traditional Chinese: 龜幣; simplified Chinese: 龟币; pinyin: guī bì).^[2]

History and overview

The oldest ones known are from about the 5th or 6th century BCE.^[1] They consist of sheets of gold 3-5mm thick, of various sizes, with inscriptions consisting of square or round stamps in which there are one or two characters.^[1] They have been unearthed in various locations south of the Yellow River indicating that they were products of the State of Chu.^[1] One of the characters in their inscription is often a monetary unit or weight which is normally read as yuan (Chinese: 爰; pinyin: yuán).^[1] Pieces are of a very variable size and thickness, and the stamps appear to be a device to validate the whole block, rather than a guide to enable it to be broken up into unit pieces.^[1]

Some ying yuan contain the Chinese characters ying yuan (郢爰).^[2]

Another inscription that is sometimes found on these ancient gold blocks is chen yuan (陳爰).^[2]

Some specimens have been reported in copper, lead, or clay.^[1] It is probable that these were funeral money, not circulating currency, as they are found in tombs, but the gold ones are not.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Hartill, David (September 22, 2005). Cast Chinese Coins. Trafford Publishing. p. 79. ISBN 978-1412054669.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Chinese Burial Money". Gary Ashkenazy / גארי אשכנזי (Primaltrek – a journey through Chinese culture). 20 March 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2020.

External links

What is the Earliest Gold Coin in China ?

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Overview	History of Chinese currency List of Chinese cash coins by inscription Ancient Chinese coinage
By period (before 1912)	Zhou dynasty coinage Han dynasty coinage Xin dynasty coinage Southern Tang coinage Liao dynasty coinage Da Shu coinage Southern Song dynasty coinage Western Xia coinage Jin dynasty coinage (1115–1234) Da Qi coinage Yuan dynasty coinage Ming dynasty coinage Qing dynasty coinage Paper money of the Qing dynasty Shengbao
Other territories	Historical money of Tibet Kucha coinage Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command
Ancient	Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade money
Imperial	Cash coins Strings Ban Liang Wu Zhu Kaiyuan Tongbao Sycee Flying cash Jiaozi Guanzi Huizi Jiaochao Great Ming Treasure Note Great Qing Treasure Note Hubu Guanpiao Silver Dragon
Manufacturing and casting process	Mother coin Ancestor coin
Near modern	Cash (wén) Candareen (fēn) Mace (qián) Tael (liǎng) Yuan
Historical exonumia	Charms and amulets (Yansheng) Horse coin Vault protector coin Zhaona Xinbao Bamboo tally Token
Republic of China	Customs gold unit Fabi Old Taiwan dollar Chinese gold yuan Silver dollar New Taiwan dollar (5th)
Renminbi series	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Digital
Special administrative regions	Hong Kong dollar Macanese pataca
See also: Economy of China

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