After graduating in March 1995, Yin stayed and worked at the Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, where he was promoted to executive deputy director in August 1999 and to director in August 2001. After a short term as director of the High Technology Research and Development Bureau of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in January 2008, he rose to become vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.[1]
In March 2017, Yin was admitted to member of the Standing Committee of the CCP Beijing Municipal Committee, the capital city's top authority. He was vice mayor of Beijing in April 2017, in addition to serving as party secretary of the CCP Zhongguancun Management Committee.[1]
In October 2018, Yin was made deputy party secretary of the neighboring city Tianjin and was admitted to member of the Standing Committee of the CCP Tianjin Municipal Committee, the city's top authority.[2]
In November 2020, Yin was recalled to the Chinese Academy of Sciences and appointed vice president (ministerial level) for the second time.[1]
On 7 October 2023, he was appointed by the CCP Organization Department as the Communist Party secretary of the Ministry of Science and Technology, succeeding Wang Zhigang.[6] On 24 October, he was appointed as the minister of Science and Technology.[7]