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Yamamoto Senji (山本宣治, 28 May 1889 - 5 March 1929) was a Japanese biologist and leftist politician during the interwar period of Showa era Japan.

Yamamoto Senji
山本宣治
Portrait of Yamamoto Senji
Member of the Japanese House of Representatives
In office 21 February 1928 – 5 March 1929
Constituency	Kyōto 2nd District
Personal details
Born	28 May 1889 Kyōto
Died	5 March 1929 (aged 39)

Yamamoto was elected to the House of Representatives in the 1928 General Election in February, being one of the two members of the Labour-Farmer Party who got elected, alongside Mizutani Chozaburo. The party was subsequently banned less than a month after the election, but both representatives retained their parliamentary functions. During his term he criticized the torture and illegal detention of prisoners by the police and unsuccessfully spoke against amending the Peace Preservation Law of 1925 to include the death penalty. Despite this, the amendment was passed in the Diet by a vote of 249-170. On that night, he was killed by a right-wing assassin at an inn in the Kanda district of Tokyo.

• S. Noma (Hrsg.): Yamamoto Senji . In: Japan. An Illustrated Encyclopedia. Kodansha, 1993. ISBN 4-06-205938-X , S. 1730.