Xinjiang People's Anti-Imperialist Association

Xinjiang People's Anti-Imperialist Association
新疆民眾反帝聯合會
PresidentSheng Shicai
FounderSheng Shicai
Founded1 August 1935 (1935-08-01)
DissolvedApril 1942 (1942-04)
HeadquartersÜrümqi, Xinjiang
NewspaperAnti-Imperialist War Front
Youth wingXinjiang's Youth
Women's wingXinjiang's Women
Membership (1939)10,000
Ideology
Party flag
Xinjiang People's Anti-Imperialist Association
Traditional Chinese新疆民眾反帝聯合會
Simplified Chinese新疆民众反帝联合会
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinXīnjiāng Mínzhòng Fǎn Dì Liánhé Huì
Wade–GilesMin2-chung4 Fan3 Ti4 Lien2-ho2 Hui4

The Xinjiang People's Anti-Imperialist Association[a] (Chinese: 新疆民眾反帝聯合會; pinyin: Xīnjiāng Mínzhòng Fǎn Dì Liánhé Huì) was a political party in Xinjiang, China, during the rule of Sheng Shicai from 1935 to 1942.

History

The People's Anti-Imperialist Association was founded by Sheng Shicai in Ürümqi on 1 August 1935. The propaganda outlet of the Association was the Anti-Imperialist War Front. The Sinkiang's Youth and the Sinkiang's Women served as the Association's youth and women's wing, respectively. The Association saw a large increase in membership. In 1935 it had 2,489 members, in 1937 the membership grew to 5,281, and in 1939 the Association's membership rose to 10,000.[4] The membership was nationally diverse, and included Han, Hui and various Turkic peoples.[5]

The ideology of the People's Anti-Imperialist Association was the "Six Great Policies", issued by Sheng in December 1934.[6] The policies guaranteed his previously enacted "Great Eight-Point Manifesto".[7] They included "anti-imperialism, friendship with the Soviet Union, racial and national equality, clean government, peace and reconstruction".[6][7] Sheng referred to them as "a skilful, vital application of Marxism, Leninism, and Stalinism in the conditions of the feudal society of economically and culturally backward Sinkiang".[8] They served as the ideological basis of Sheng's rule.[9] With the proclamation of the Six Great Policies, Sheng adopted a new flag with a six-pointed star to represent these policies.[10]

  • Six Great Policies tutorials (六大政策教程), 1942
    Six Great Policies tutorials (六大政策教程), 1942

With Sheng's rapprochement with the Central government, the Kuomintang spread throughout the province, replacing the People's Anti-Imperialist Association,[11] which was disbanded in April 1942.[12]

Notes

  1. ^ Also known as the "Anti-Imperialist Federation",[1] "Anti-Imperialist Society"[2] or "Anti-Imperialist Union".[3]

Footnotes

  1. ^ Rahman 2005, p. 38.
  2. ^ Chaudhuri 2016, p. 59.
  3. ^ Brophy 2016, p. 256.
  4. ^ Chan 1983, p. 378.
  5. ^ De Cordier 2016, p. 61.
  6. ^ a b Clarke 2011, p. 33.
  7. ^ a b Mansfield 1945, p. 3735.
  8. ^ Sheng 1939.
  9. ^ Chan 1983, p. 377.
  10. ^ Brophy 2016, p. 255.
  11. ^ Jacobs 2011, p. 350.
  12. ^ Dallin 1948, p. 362.

References

Books

  • Brophy, David (2016). Uyghur Nation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674660373.
  • Chaudhuri, Debasish (2016). "China's Policy in Xinjiang, 1948–78". In Warikoo, K. (ed.). Xinjiang – China's Northwest Frontier. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. ISBN 9781317290292.
  • Clarke, Michael E. (2011). Xinjiang and China's Rise in Central Asia – A History. Abingdon-on-Thames: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781136827068.
  • Dallin, David J. (1948). Soviet Russia and the Far East. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0208009968.
  • Jacobs, Justin Matthew (2011). Empire besieged: the preservation of Chinese rule in Xinjiang, 1884–1971. San Diego, CA: University of California, San Diego. ISBN 9781124814070.
  • Mansfield, Mike (1945). "Outer Mongolia and Sinkiang". Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the 79th Congress First Session. Vol. 91. Washington D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Rahman, Anwar (2005). Sinicization Beyond the Great Wall: China's Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. Kibworth Beauchamp: Troubador Publishing Ltd. ISBN 9781904744887.

Journals

Websites