Wyndham, Western Australia

Wyndham
Western Australia
Wyndham's Three Mile area, looking south to the King River
Wyndham is located in Western Australia
Wyndham
Wyndham
Map
Coordinates15°28′57″S 128°7′22″E / 15.48250°S 128.12278°E / -15.48250; 128.12278
Population745 (UCL 2021)[1]
Established1886
Postcode(s)6740
Elevation11 m (36 ft)
Area936.1 km2 (361.4 sq mi)
Location
  • 3,315 km (2,060 mi) NNE of Perth
  • 928 km (577 mi) SW of Darwin
  • 101 km (63 mi) NW of Kununurra
  • 911 km (566 mi) ENE of Broome
LGA(s)Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley
State electorate(s)Kimberley
Federal division(s)Durack
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
35.6 °C
96 °F		 23.1 °C
74 °F		 827.7 mm
32.6 in

Wyndham is the northernmost town in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, 3,315 kilometres (2,060 mi) northeast of Perth via the Great Northern Highway. It was established in 1886 to service a new goldfield at Halls Creek, and it is now a port and service centre for the east Kimberley with a population of 941 as of the 2021 census.[2] Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people make up 54% of the population. Wyndham comprises two areas - the original town site at Wyndham Port situated on Cambridge Gulf, and 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) by road to the south, the Three Mile area with the residential and shopping area for the port, also founded in 1886.[3] Wyndham is part of the Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley.

History

Aboriginal Australians in chains at Wyndham prison, 1902.[4]
Wyndham Port from the air, 1962

Wyndham is within traditional Doolboong country.[5]

The first European to visit the area was Phillip Parker King in 1819. He was instructed to find a river "likely to lead to an interior navigation into the great continent". He sailed into Cambridge Gulf, which he named after the Duke of Cambridge, and then sailed up a river which was subsequently named after him. Finding no fresh water on the mudflats, he departed.

Wyndham was established on 14 April 1886, by government resident and warden Charles Danvers Price,[6] who led a party including commissioner of crown lands John Forrest on the Adelaide Steamship Company mail steamer SS Albany.[7][8]

Price selected Wyndham as the name for the new town, after Walter George Wyndham, the young stepson of the governor of Western Australia Sir Frederick Napier Broome.[9][10]

By late-1886, the town was booming and there were three hotels at the port, one of which was a two-storey building, and two taverns at Three Mile Camp, as well as stores, bootmakers' and butchers' shops, a billiard room, a soda water factory, commission agencies, auctioneers and other businesses.[11][3] Ships brought in at least five thousand miners, who headed off to the Halls Creek goldfields. During this boom there were times when up to 16 vessels were moored in Cambridge Gulf.

However, by 1888, the gold rush at Halls Creek had ended and the fortunes of Wyndham declined. It became a tiny settlement serving the pastoral interests in the East Kimberley. By 1912, money had virtually disappeared from the Wyndham economy, and purchases were paid for using promissory notes known as "shinplasters".

In 1942, during World War II, the town and its aerodrome were attacked on four occasions by Japanese aircraft.

Wyndham's significance as a service centre was crucial for the construction of the Ord River Diversion Dam and the town of Kununurra in the early 1960s. With the rise of Kununurra as a larger population centre, the significance of Wyndham as a service centre had diminished by the 1980s. Wyndham has regained significance as the port for the region with new mines shipping ore from the port.

Wyndham Meatworks

In 1913, the Western Australian government started to construct the Wyndham Meatworks to restart the town's economy. The construction efforts were interrupted by the Nevanas affair and World War I, but the meatworks were completed in 1919 to a design by William Hardwick, who later became the Principal Architect of Western Australia.[12] The meatworks were the mainstay of the town's economy until their closure in 1985; the town also supported the Air Beef Scheme, which ran from 1947 to 1965.[13][14]

Geography

Wyndham is on the eastern side of Cambridge Gulf, an inlet of Joseph Bonaparte Gulf in the Timor Sea. It is surrounded by the Durack, Pentecost and King rivers to the south, Forrest River to the west and Ord River to the north. Much of the land around Wyndham is inhospitable, and includes the Bastion Range and the mudflats of the Cambridge Gulf. The Bastion Range is the site of the 28-square-kilometre (11 sq mi) Wyndham Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because it holds the largest known population of endangered Gouldian finches.[15]

Climate

Wyndham experiences a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh), being a little too dry to be classified as a tropical savanna climate (Aw), with a wet season from late November to March and a dry season from April to early November. The hottest month is November with an average maximum temperature of 39.5 °C (103.1 °F), and the coolest month is June with an average maximum of 31.0 °C (87.8 °F). The annual average maximum temperature is 35.6 °C (96.1 °F), one of the highest in Australia. In 1946, Wyndham recorded 333 consecutive days of temperatures over 32 °C (90 °F).[16] The wet season is very humid with the average dewpoint temperature at 3pm in February being 22.4 °C (72.3 °F). In the dry season, in August, it is 8.3 °C (46.9 °F).

Large rain events do occur in Wyndham, such as on 4 March 1919 when 318 millimetres (12.5 in) of rain were recorded over a 24-hour period, followed by another 117 millimetres (4.6 in) the next day.[17]

Climate data for Wyndham Aero, elevation 4 m (13 ft), (2000–2020 normals, extremes 2000–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 44.0
(111.2) 		43.2
(109.8) 		43.9
(111.0) 		41.4
(106.5) 		39.4
(102.9) 		37.3
(99.1) 		38.1
(100.6) 		39.7
(103.5) 		42.0
(107.6) 		45.1
(113.2) 		44.9
(112.8) 		45.8
(114.4) 		45.8
(114.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 36.4
(97.5) 		36.1
(97.0) 		36.3
(97.3) 		36.9
(98.4) 		34.1
(93.4) 		31.5
(88.7) 		32.1
(89.8) 		34.0
(93.2) 		37.8
(100.0) 		39.6
(103.3) 		40.0
(104.0) 		38.1
(100.6) 		36.1
(96.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 26.2
(79.2) 		26.0
(78.8) 		25.7
(78.3) 		23.5
(74.3) 		19.2
(66.6) 		15.9
(60.6) 		15.3
(59.5) 		16.1
(61.0) 		21.5
(70.7) 		24.8
(76.6) 		26.7
(80.1) 		26.7
(80.1) 		22.3
(72.2)
Record low °C (°F) 20.9
(69.6) 		21.7
(71.1) 		19.0
(66.2) 		13.8
(56.8) 		8.9
(48.0) 		6.0
(42.8) 		5.1
(41.2) 		7.4
(45.3) 		10.7
(51.3) 		15.5
(59.9) 		18.4
(65.1) 		21.0
(69.8) 		5.1
(41.2)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 218.2
(8.59) 		221.3
(8.71) 		140.3
(5.52) 		29.0
(1.14) 		11.5
(0.45) 		5.3
(0.21) 		0.2
(0.01) 		0.0
(0.0) 		1.0
(0.04) 		20.3
(0.80) 		56.8
(2.24) 		199.7
(7.86) 		903.6
(35.57)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 13.4 12.1 8.6 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.3 1.7 5.0 10.7 55.4
Source: Australian Bureau of Meteorology[18]

Facilities

Education

There are two schools, Wyndham District High School (K-12) and St Joseph's Catholic School (K-7), one TAFE campus, and a daycare centre.

Transport

Wyndham is served by Wyndham Airport.

Community

The Wyndham Memorial Swimming Pool is a public swimming pool,[19] opened on 5 November 1966 by Charles Court.[20]

The Ted Birch Memorial Youth and Recreation Centre is a multi-purpose, community recreation facility. The centre, originally the Wyndham Recreation Centre, was opened on 11 October 2003 by the shire president Barbara Johnson.[21] The Centre was renamed on 29 May 2014 in honour of Pastor Edward "Ted" Birch, who was instrumental in helping establish a youth service in Wyndham.[22][23][24]

Peter Reid Memorial Hall is a community hall in Wyndham available for community events and private bookings. The hall, originally the Wyndham Hall, was built in 1982 and was later renamed the Peter Reid Memorial Hall in recognition of Peter Reid's service to the community by the Wyndham Lions Club, following his death in 1985.

The Wyndham Port Shire Hall is a historic building that was constructed in 1960 on the foundations of the original school and road board buildings from 1894. The Hall was also an office and administration building for the Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley and later a recreation space until it was converted into an art gallery in 1997. The hall became known as the Boab Art Gallery and showcased artworks by local and regional artists.[25] The Hall is now leased to a community group to support the conservation of the Gouldian finch, a rare and endangered bird species that live in the mangroves near Wyndham.[26] The hall is also a part of a heritage walk of Wyndham Port.

Wyndham is also the home of the Big Crocodile, a wire and concrete statue of a crocodile around 18 metres (60 ft) long.

Tourism

For tourists, there are two hotels and a caravan park. The nearby Bastion lookout provides sweeping vistas of the surrounding country, including the Durack, Pentecost, King, Forrest and Ord Rivers, which emerge into the Cambridge Gulf. The town has a museum in the old courthouse that is open to the public and run by the Wyndham Historical Society. Nearby Wyndham is the Boab Prison Tree.

Jirrawun Arts

Jirrawun Arts was an Indigenous Australian art centre, established in 1998 in Kununurra before moving to Wyndham in 2006. It was notable as the base for contemporary Indigenous Australian artists of the eastern Kimberley region, including Paddy Bedford and Freddie Timms. It closed in 2010. Their art was exhibited in exhibitions in Melbourne and elsewhere.[27][28]

The Wyndham area was a filming location for:

References

  1. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Wyndham (urban centre and locality)". Australian Census 2021. Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Wyndham (WA)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 30 June 2022. Edit this at Wikidata
  3. ^ a b "Wyndham Notes". The West Australian. Perth, WA. 3 November 1886. p. 3. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  4. ^ "Australian Aborigines in chains at Wyndham prison, 1902". Rare Historical Photos.
  5. ^ "AIATSIS map of Indigenous Australia". Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 18 May 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
  6. ^ "News and Notes". The West Australian. Perth, WA. 31 December 1885. p. 3. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  7. ^ "The Cambridge Gulf Expedition". The Daily News. Perth, WA. 29 March 1886. p. 3. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  8. ^ "The Cambridge Gulf Expedition". The West Australian. Perth, WA. 13 May 1886. p. 3. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  9. ^ "General News". The Inquirer and Commercial News. Perth, WA. 17 March 1886. p. 4. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  10. ^ "Government Gazette". The Inquirer and Commercial News. Perth, WA. 17 March 1886. p. 4. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  11. ^ "News and Notes". The West Australian. Perth, WA. 4 March 1887. p. 2. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  12. ^ "Mr W.B. Hardwick – Dead – Former Principal Architect". The West Australian. 2 October 1941. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  13. ^ Patching, G. H (1960), Wyndham meatworks : a study of its past and present problems, retrieved 28 January 2012
  14. ^ Elliott, Grant; Western Australia. Dept. of Regional Development and the North West; Western Australia. Dept. for Community Services (1986), The social impact of the closure of the Wyndham meatworks on the town of Wyndham : a report and recommendations, G. Elliott, retrieved 18 August 2022
  15. ^ BirdLife International. (2011). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Wyndham. Downloaded from "BirdLife International - conserving the world's birds". Archived from the original on 10 July 2007. Retrieved 21 November 2012. on 3 December 2011.
  16. ^ Thompson, Michael. "The Kimberley, Western Australia". Climate and Weather Atlas of Australia. Archived from the original on 13 November 2007.
  17. ^ "Adelaide deluge". The Daily News. National Library of Australia. 7 February 1925. p. 16. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
  18. ^ "Climate statistics for Australian locations: WYNDHAM AERO". 9 April 2024.
  19. ^ "Recreation facilities". Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  20. ^ The Wyndham Memorial Swimming Pool (Plaque outside swimming pool). Wyndham Swimming Pool located at 12 Civic Way, Wyndham: Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley. 1966.{{cite sign}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  21. ^ Wyndham Recreation Centre (Plaque outside Centre). Civic Way, Wyndham: Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley. 2003.
  22. ^ Walsh, Rourke (6 April 2014). "Centre to carry late pastor's name". The West Australian. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  23. ^ "Council Minutes Decision to change Centre name". Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley. 25 March 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  24. ^ Ted Birch Memorial Youth and Recreation Centre (Plaque inside Centre). Civic Way, Wyndham: Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley. 2014.
  25. ^ "Wyndham Port Shire Hall". Heritage Council of Western Australia. Heritage Council of Western Australia. 1 January 2017. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  26. ^ "Save The Gouldian Fund". Save The Gouldian Fund. Save The Gouldian Fund. 1 January 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  27. ^ Eccles, Jeremy (2006). "Jirrawun: A unique model". Art & Australia. 44 (1): 82–89. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
  28. ^ Oliver, Tony (2002). Blood on the spinifex : Goody Barrett, Paddy Bedford, Rameeka Nocketa, Lena Nyadbi, Peggy Patrick, Rusty Peters, Desma Sampi, Phyllis Thomas, Freddie Timms, Timmy Timms. Parkville, Victoria: Ian Potter Museum of Art. ISBN 0-7340-2918-7.
  29. ^ "The Overlanders". Cultural Atlas Australia. University of Queensland. 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  30. ^ Fabry, Karin (30 July 2004). "Dating Down Under". Ocala Style. Ocala, Florida: Magnolia Media Company. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  31. ^ "Reality of outback for television glamour girls" (PDF). Home Valley Station. 26 August 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  32. ^ "Australia". Cultural Atlas Australia. University of Queensland. 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  33. ^ Mills, Vanessa (19 April 2011). "Mad Bastards movie premiere". ABC Kimberley. Kununurra, Western Australia. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
  34. ^ "Satellite Boy". Cultural Atlas Australia. University of Queensland. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  35. ^ "Who Do You Think You Are? – Rove McManus". SBS on Demand. Sydney. 7 August 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  36. ^ Clayton, Cy (27 May 2018). "Judy Davis returns to WA in Mystery Road". The West Australian. Perth, Western Australia. Retrieved 7 June 2018.

Further reading

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Wyndham.

Read other articles:

Kekuatan pangan

Panen jagung di Iowa, Amerika Serikat Kekuatan pangan dalam politik internasional adalah penggunaan sumber daya pertanian sebagai alat kontrol politik di mana satu negara atau kelompok negara menawarkan komoditas kepada, atau menahannya dari negara atau kelompok negara lain untuk kepentingan tertentu. Kemungkinan penggunaannya sebagai senjata diakui setelah negara-negara OPEC sebelumnya memanfaatkan minyak sebagai senjata politik. Pangan memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap tindakan politik suatu...

 

June Eric-Udorie

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. June Eric-UdorieIsabelle Higgins, June Nwando Eric-Udorie, and Tiseke Chilima, the young moderators of Girl Summit 2014Lahir18 Juni 1998 (umur 25)Dublin, IrelandKebangsaanBritish, Nigerian, IrishPendidikanDowne House SchoolDikenal atasFeminism, a...

 

Xalxal, Nakhchivan

For other uses, see Khalkhal. Municipality in Nakhchivan, AzerbaijanXalxalMunicipalityXalxalCoordinates: 39°19′54″N 45°27′25″E / 39.33167°N 45.45694°E / 39.33167; 45.45694Country AzerbaijanAutonomous republicNakhchivanDistrictBabekPopulation (2005)[citation needed] • Total568Time zoneUTC+4 (AZT) Xalxal (also spelled as Xal-xal and Khalkhal) is a village and municipality in the Babek District of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan. It is loc...

Pegunungan Himalaya

Pegunungan HimalayaHimālayacode: sa is deprecated   (Sanskerta)Busur Himalaya (juga Hindu Kush dan Pegunungan Karakoram) menunjukkan puncak delapan ribuan (merah); Dataran Rendah Indo-Gangga; Dataran tinggi Tibet; sungai Indus, Gangga, dan Sungai Yarlung Tsangpo-Brahmaputra; dan dua jangkar jangkauan (berwarna kuning)Titik tertinggiPuncakGunung Everest (Tiongkok dan Nepal)Ketinggian8.848,86 m (29.031,7 ft)Koordinat27°59′N 86°55′E / 27.983°N 86.9...

 

E. A. Nisbet

American judge This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: E. A. Nisbet – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Eugenius Aristides Nisbet (December 7, 1803 – March 18, 1871) was an American politician, jurist, and lawyer. Biography...

 

Площадь Победы (Минск)

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Площадь Победы. Площадь Победыбелор. Пло́шча Перамо́гі Площадь Победы Общая информация Страна Беларусь Город Минск Район Центральный Метро  Площадь Победы Трамвайные маршруты 1, 3, 4, 6, 11 Автобусные маршруты 18, 26, 39, 100, 111 Н...

Cardcaptor Sakura: The Movie

1999 animated feature film directed by Morio Asaka Cardcaptor Sakura: The MovieTheatrical release posterJapanese nameKanji劇場版カードキャプターさくらLiteral meaningCardcaptor Sakura the MovieTranscriptionsRevised HepburnGekijō-ban Kādokyaputā Sakura Directed byMorio AsakaWritten byNanase OhkawaBased onCardcaptor Sakuraby ClampProduced byKazuhiko IkeguchiTatsuya OnoStarringSakura TangeAya HisakawaMotoko KumaiJunko IwaoTomokazu SekiMegumi OgataYukana NogamiCinematographyHisao ...

 

Tamás Major

Hungarian actor (1910–1986) The native form of this personal name is Major Tamás. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals. Tamás MajorBorn26 January 1910Budapest Austria-HungaryDied13 April 1986 (aged 76)Budapest HungaryOccupation(s)Film actor Television actorYears active1941 - 1986 Tamás Major (26 January 1910 – 13 April 1986) was a Hungarian stage and film actor. He also acted as the director of the Hungarian National Theatre from 1945 to 1962. Selec...

 

Kypello Ellados 1985-1986

Kypello Ellados 1985-1986 Competizione Coppa di Grecia Sport Calcio Edizione 44ª Date ? 1985 - 12 maggio 1986 Luogo  Grecia Risultati Vincitore  Panathīnaïkos(9º titolo) Secondo  Olympiakos Cronologia della competizione 1984-1985 1986-1987 Manuale La Coppa di Grecia 1985-1986 è stata la 44ª edizione del torneo. La competizione è terminata il 12 maggio 1986. Il Panathīnaïkos ha vinto il trofeo per la nona volta, battendo in finale l'Olympiakos. Indice 1 Primo turno 2 T...

Rosaceae

Suku mawar-mawaran (Rosaceae) Bunga Rosa arvensis Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae (tanpa takson): Tracheophyta (tanpa takson): Angiospermae (tanpa takson): Eudikotil (tanpa takson): Superrosidae (tanpa takson): Rosid Ordo: Rosales Famili: RosaceaeJuss. Genera lihat teks Persebaran Rosaceae di dunia Suku mawar-mawaran atau Rosaceae adalah sebuah keluarga tumbuhan yang besar, terdiri dari 3.000—4.000 spesies di dalam 100—120 genus. Mawar termasuk di dalam suku ini, demikian pula apel,...

 

Голубянки

Голубянки Самец голубянки икар Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ПервичноротыеБез ранга:ЛиняющиеБез ранга:PanarthropodaТип:ЧленистоногиеПодтип:ТрахейнодышащиеНадкласс:ШестиногиеКласс...

 

ماجونغ سول

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (ديسمبر 2023) ماجونغ سولوسط الصورة: لافتة اعلانية للعبة ماجونغ سول وشخصيتها الرئيسية إيتشي-هيمي على أحد المباني في منطقة أكيهابارا في اليابان.雀魂(Jantama)صنفرياضة (ماجونغ ي�...

Lansing Mall

Shopping mall in Michigan, United StatesLansing MallLansing Mall entrance sign on Saginaw HighwayLocationDelta Charter Township, Michigan, United StatesAddress5330 West Saginaw HighwayOpening dateJuly 31, 1969; 54 years ago (1969-07-31)DeveloperForbes-CohenManagementKohan Retail Investment GroupOwnerKohan RetailNo. of stores and servicesapprox. 60No. of anchor tenants3 (1 open, 2 vacant)Total retail floor area830,052 square feet (77,114.4 m2)[1]No. of floors1 (...

 

Frances Rafferty

American actress (1922-2004) Frances RaffertyRafferty in the 1940sBornFrances Anne Rafferty(1922-06-16)June 16, 1922Sioux City, Iowa, U.S.DiedApril 18, 2004(2004-04-18) (aged 81)Paso Robles, California, U.S.Occupation(s)Actress, dancerYears active1942–1977Spouses John Horton ​ ​(m. 1944; div. 1947)​ Thomas R. Baker ​(m. 1948)​ Children2[1]RelativesMax Rafferty (brother) Frances Anne Rafferty (...

 

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

Cinema of Denmark

Filmmaking industry in Denmark This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Cinema of Denmark – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Cinema of DenmarkNo. of screens458 (2017)[1] • Per capita7.9 per 100,000 (2011)[1 ...

 

Newcastle Arena

Multi-purpose indoor arena in England This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Newcastle Arena – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Utilita Arena NewcastleThe main entrance under old signage (2016)Former namesNewcastle Arena (1995–1997)Telewest Arena (1997–2004)Metro Radio Arena...

 

Intimidation

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Intimidation – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Intentional behaviour meant to cause a person humiliation, embarrassment, and discomfort Acted intimidation in professional wrestling Intimida...

نغوين كونغ هوي

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (سبتمبر 2021) نغوين كونغ هوي معلومات شخصية الميلاد 19 مايو 1987 (العمر 37 سنة) الطول 1.76 م (5 قدم 9 1⁄2 بوصة) مركز اللعب وسط الجنسية فيتنام  مسيرة الشباب سنوات فريق ...

 

Pays de la Loire

Ne doit pas être confondu avec Centre-Val de Loire. Pays de la Loire Logotype Administration Pays France Préfecture Nantes Départements et collectivités territoriales Loire-Atlantique (44)Maine-et-Loire (49)Mayenne (53)Sarthe (72)Vendée (85) Arrondissements 16 Cantons 107 Communes 1 232 Conseil régional Conseil régional des Pays de la Loire Présidente du conseil régional Mandat Christelle Morançais (Horizons) 2021-2028 Préfet Didier Martin Code Insee 52 Code ISO 3166-2 FR-PDL...