Willem Adriaan Cruywagen

Willem Adriaan Cruywagen
Administrator of the Transvaal
In office
16 July 1979 – 31 May 1988
PresidentP. W. Botha
Preceded bySybrand Gerhardus Johannes van Niekerk
Succeeded byDaniel "Danie" Hough
Minister of National Education
Minister of Bantu Affairs
Deputy Minister of Bantu Affairs
Minister of Home Affairs
Deputy Minister of Home Affairs
Personal details
Born1921
Died10 July 2013
(aged 91–92)
Germiston, South Africa
NationalitySouth African

Dr Willem Adriaan Cruywagen (1921 – 10 July 2013) was a moderate South African politician during apartheid,[1] and an academic and author.

Personal life

Cruywagen moved to the town of Germiston in the mid-1940s, where he taught history, geography, and music before becoming involved in politics. He married his wife, Snow, in 1949. Germiston's Bertha Gxowa Hospital had previously been named Willem Cruywagen Hospital in the 1970s, in his honour.[2]

He wrote Die Cruywagens: ‘n Suid-Afrikaanse familie, Deel II, which was released in March 2013.[2]

Politics

He was elected as a member of the House of Assembly for Germiston in 1961.

He was a deputy minister and minister of the departments of Home Affairs, Bantu Affairs and National Education.[2]

In the 1970s, as Minister of Education, Cruywagen approved the establishment of a university in the Free State, which lead to the creation of the University of the Free State.[3]

In 1979, Cruywagen became Administrator of the Transvaal,[4] a position in which he served until he retired in May, 1988.[2]

In 1986, international pressure on apartheid had mounted so much that the American film company Columbia Pictures threatened to boycott South Africa's Ster Kinekor theatre chain if they did not end segregation of their cinemas in 1987. In January 1987, the then-Pietersburg (now Polokwane) Town Council of the Transvaal, controlled by the Conservative Party, recommended that a cinema in the town continue to be segregated. Officially, the cinema was reserved for whites only; however, blacks were allowed entry through a back entrance and to view from a special gallery. The owner of the cinema, Sydney Segal, collected more than 1,000 signatures in a petition calling for desegregation, and Cruywagen overruled the town council's recommendation, approving the opening of the cinema to all races.[5]

In the late 1980s, Cruywagen described the transformation of African councils from advisory bodies in the 1970s into local authorities in the 1980s as the "most important constitutional event in the history of this country", and recommended that black and white people jointly govern the Transvaal province.[5]

Cruywagen was a member of the National Monuments Council from 1990.[6]

References

  1. ^ Murphy, Caryle (26 January 1978). "Vorster Cabinet Shift Hints No Change in Racial Policy". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d Zwane, Gugu (15 July 2013). "Germiston's own historical figure". Germiston City News. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  3. ^ University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus Brochure, pp. 5
  4. ^ Keyser, Antoinette (13 January 2007). "Full funeral honours for late state president". The M&G Online. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
  5. ^ a b Race Relations Survey, 1988 by the South African Institute of Race Relations
  6. ^ Frescura, Franco. "NATIONAL OR NATIONALIST? A Critique of the National Monuments Council, 1936-1989". www.sahistory.org.za. Retrieved 14 May 2017.

Read other articles:

Bedulita

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento centri abitati della Lombardia non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Bedulitacomune Bedulita – VedutaLa parrocchiale di San Michele LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regione Lombardia Provincia Bergamo AmministrazioneSindacoRoberto Facchinetti (li...

 

Mithun Chakraborty

Mithun ChakrabortyMithun Chakraborty (Mei 2013)LahirGourang Chakraborty16 Juni 1950 (umur 73)Kolkata, Bengal Barat,AlmamaterKolese Gereja SkotlandiaInstitut Film dan Televisi IndiaPekerjaanAktorWirausahawanPresenter televisiPolitikus Anggota ParlemenTahun aktif1976–sekarangSuami/istriYogeeta Bali(1979–sekarang)AnakMahaakshay ChakrabortyRimoh ChakrabortyNamashi ChakrabortyDishani Chakraborty Gourang Chakraborty, yang lebih dikenal dengan nama panggungnya Mithun Chakraborty (baha...

 

Inklinometer

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Inklinometer – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Sebuah Inklinometer sederhana. Inklinometer adalah bagian kompas geologi berupa alat ukur untuk mengukur kemiringan suatu bidang. Inklinom...

Joseph Aloysius Lyons

The Right HonourableJoseph LyonsCH Perdana Menteri Australia ke-10Pemilihan: 1931, 1934, 1937Masa jabatan6 Januari 1932 – 7 April 1939Penguasa monarkiGeorge V Edward VIII George VIGubernur JenderalSir Isaac IsaacsLord Gowrie PendahuluJames ScullinPenggantiEarle PagePerdana Menteri Tasmania ke-26Masa jabatan25 Oktober 1923 – 15 Juni 1928GubernurSir James O'Grady PendahuluSir Walter LeePenggantiSir John McPheeAnggota Parlemen Australia untuk WilmotMasa jabatan12 Oktober 19...

 

Perlengkapan kantor

Perlengkapan kantor adalah istilah generik yang mengacu kepada semua perlengkapan yang umumnya digunakan di kantor, perusahaan dan organisasi lainnya mulai dari perorangan sampai pemerintah, yang bekerja pengumpulan, perbaikan, dan keluaran informasi (dalam bahasa sehari-hari disebut dengan kertas kerja). Bagian dalam dari kantor pemasok alat tulis di Hanoi. Kotak file folder. Istilah perlengkapan kantor ini meliputi barang-barang kecil yang digunakan sehari-hari seperti penjepit kertas, stap...

 

Life Express (2010 film)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Life Express 2010 film – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 2010 Indian filmLife ExpressFilm posterDirected byAnup DasScreenplay byMandira Chakraborty Shailendra TyagiStory byAn...

Albert Anastasia

Albert Anastasia Albert Anastasia, nato Umberto Anastasio (Parghelia, 26 settembre 1902 – New York, 25 ottobre 1957), è stato un mafioso italiano naturalizzato statunitense, legato a Cosa nostra statunitense, che fu soprannominato The Mad Hatter e Lord High Executioner[1]. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Anastasia nella cultura di massa 3 Note 4 Bibliografia 5 Altri progetti 6 Collegamenti esterni Biografia Umberto Anastasio nacque a Parghelia, un piccolo comune situato al secolo in provincia...

 

Eva Rittmeister

German resistance fighter Eva Rittmeister Eva Rittmeister (born 5 July 1913 in Zeitz, died 19 July 2004) was a German paediatric nurse, later office worker who became a resistance fighter against the Nazis.[1] During World War II, Rittmeister became involved a Berlin-based resistance group that later became known as the Red Orchestra (Rote Kapelle). Life Eve Rittmeister née Knieper was the daughter of a merchant.[1] After school, Rittmeister initially trained as a paediatric ...

 

I Wake Up Screaming

1941 film by H. Bruce Humberstone I Wake Up ScreamingTheatrical release posterDirected byH. Bruce HumberstoneScreenplay byDwight TaylorBased onI Wake Up Screaming1941 novelby Steve FisherProduced byMilton SperlingStarringBetty GrableVictor MatureCarole LandisLaird CregarCinematographyEdward CronjagerEdited byRobert L. SimpsonMusic byCyril J. MockridgeProductioncompany20th Century-FoxDistributed by20th Century-FoxRelease date October 31, 1941 (1941-10-31) Running time82 minutesC...

Tell Me Something I Don't Know

Tell Me Something I Don't KnowSingel oleh Selena Gomezdari album Another Cinderella StoryDirilis5 Agustus 2008 (2008-08-05)[1]FormatUnduhan digitalGenrePop rockDurasi3:21 (versi album)2:55 (versi remix)LabelRazor & TiePencipta Antonina Armato Ralph Churchwell Michael Nielsen Produser Ralph Churchwell Michael Nielsen Kronologi singel Selena Gomez Tell Me Something I Don't Know(2008) Whoa Oh! (Me vs. Everyone)(2009) Kronologi singel A Cinderella Story Our Lips Are Sea...

 

Население Татарстана

Численность населения республики по данным Росстата составляет 4 003 016[1] чел. (2024). Татарстан занимает 8-е место по численности населения среди субъектов Российской Федерации[2]. Плотность населения — 59,00 чел./км² (2024). Городское население — 76,72[3] % (20...

 

Río Estrimón

Para el género de plantas amarilidáceas, véase Strumaria. Para la subfamilia a la que da nombre el género Strumaria, véase Strumariinae. Río Estrimón Струма - Στρυμόνας Vista del ríoUbicación geográficaCuenca Río EstrimónNacimiento Montañas Vitosha (BUL)Desembocadura Mar EgeoCoordenadas 40°47′09″N 23°50′56″E / 40.785833333333, 23.848888888889Ubicación administrativaPaís Bulgaria Bulgaria Grecia GreciaCuerpo de aguaLongitud 415...

Wanda Tettoni

Wanda Tettoni Wanda Tettoni (Siena, 8 marzo 1910 – Roma, 7 marzo 1998) è stata un'attrice e doppiatrice italiana. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Doppiaggio 2.1 Cinema 2.2 Telenovelas 2.3 Animazione 3 Prosa radiofonica Eiar 4 Prosa radiofonica Rai 5 Varietà radiofonici Rai 6 Note 7 Bibliografia 8 Altri progetti 9 Collegamenti esterni Biografia Renato Turi e Wanda Tettoni negli studi Radio Rai 1951 Wanda Tettoni in una foto di gioventù Ha esordito a Milano, appena sedicenne, come protagonista della ...

 

Lostwithiel signal box

Lostwithiel signal box, August 2011 Lostwithiel signal box is a Grade II listed former Great Western Railway signal box, located on Lostwithiel railway station in Cornwall, England. The signal box is situated at the northern end of Platform 1, adjacent to the level crossing. Area of control The signal box opened in 1893 with just 35 levers. A separate signal box at the south end of the station controlled the junction with the Fowey branch line but this closed on 16 December 1923 when the sta...

 

2014 Lotto–Belisol season

Cycling team season Lotto–Belisol2014 seasonLotto Belisol-TdSL2014ManagerMarc SergeantSeason victoriesOne-day races8Stage race overall1Stage race stages18← 20132015 → The 2014 season for Lotto–Belisol began in January at the Tour de San Luis. As a UCI ProTeam, they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour. 2014 roster As of 15 February 2014[1] Rider Date of birth  Sander Armée ...

Levi García

Trinidadian association football player Levi García García with Trinidad and Tobago at the 2019 CONCACAF Gold CupPersonal informationFull name Levi Samuel García[1]Date of birth (1997-11-20) 20 November 1997 (age 26)Place of birth Santa Flora, Trinidad, Trinidad and TobagoHeight 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in)[2]Position(s) Forward / WingerTeam informationCurrent team AEK AthensNumber 7Youth career2011–2014 Shiva Boys' Hindu College2012–2013 T&TEC2013–2014 ...

 

Jamaican tangelo

Citrus fruit and plant Jamaican tangelo Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Sapindales Family: Rutaceae Genus: Citrus Species: C. reticulata × C. paradisi The Jamaican tangelo, also known by proprietary names ugli /ˈʌɡli/ fruit, uglifruit, and uniq fruit, is a citrus fruit that arose on the island of Jamaica through the natural hybridization of a tangerine or orange with a grapefruit (or pomelo), and ...

 

القنب الطبي

القنب الطبيمعلومات عامةصنف فرعي من ماريغوانادواء منتج طبيعي من أصنوفة قنب مزروعCannabis indica (en) النص التنظيمي الرئيسي Hinchey-Rohrabacher medical marijuana amendment (en) لديه جزء أو أجزاء كانابينُويد تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات القنب الطبي هي نوع من الحشيش والمواد المخدرة التي توصف من قب�...

Patrice Halgand

Cet article est une ébauche concernant un coureur cycliste français. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?). Pour plus d’informations, voyez le projet cyclisme. Patrice HalgandPatrice Halgand au prologue du Tour de Romandie 2007.InformationsNaissance 2 mars 1974 (50 ans)Saint-NazaireNationalité françaiseSpécialité GrimpeurÉquipes amateurs 01.1993-07.1995[n 1]VC AnnemasseÉquipes professionnelles 08.1995-12.1999[n 2]Festina-Lotus2000-2003Jean ...

 

Сальский округ (область Войска Донского)

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Сальский округ. Сальский округ Страна  Российская империя Губерния область Войска Донского Уездный город Великокняжеская История и география Дата образования 1884 Площадь 18 961 вёрст² Население Население 76 297[1] (1897) ...