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The Whitecleuch Chain is a large Pictish silver chain that was found in Whitecleuch, Lanarkshire, Scotland in 1869. A high status piece, it is likely to have been worn as a choker neck ornament for ceremonial purposes. It dates from around 400 to 800 AD.

The chain is one of ten certain examples of this type,^[1] and is on display at the National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh.

Description

Weighing 1.8 kg and measuring approximately 50 cm in length, the chain consists of 44 silver rings interlinked into 22 pairs. According to Clark, the chain originally had 23 pairs of rings, but was damaged subsequent to its discovery.^[2]

The paired ring chain is joined by a large penannular piece with expanded flanges. The penannular ring bears Pictish symbols of the sort typically found on Class I and II Pictish standing stones. On one side of the opening in the ring, there is a zigzag pattern and a double disc and Z-rod symbol, bearing similarity to those on the silver plaques found in the Norrie's Law hoard.^[3] On the other side of the opening, there is a notched rectangle symbol, decorated with a pair of circles, running lengthwise along the rectangle and attached to opposite edges of the rectangle. This design is similar to that found on a stone found at Westfield, Falkland as well as a number of notched rectangles that are further decorated with Z-rods. The penannular ring was apparently used as a fastener to link the terminal ends of the chain together into a choker neck ornament.^[4]

Findspot

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Locations:

– Location of Whitecleuch within South Lanarkshire, where the chain was found

The Whitecleuch chain was found in May 1869 on land belonging to the Duke of Buccleuch at Whitecleuch, Lanarkshire, Scotland. The initial report, made by Smith (1874), described the location of the find as being "in the vicinity of Drumlanrig Castle" in Dumfries and Galloway.^[5] The precise location was later clarified as being 12 miles north of the castle, in pasture land known as Rough Flow Moss, Whitecleuch.(grid reference NS811198).^[2]^[6] This has caused a certain amount of confusion, with both sites being listed in some censuses of Pictish chains.^[7]

The chain was found at a depth of around 45 cm in the ground and was exposed by erosion of the edges of a drainage ditch.^[2] The location of the find in the South West of Scotland, some distance from the Pictish territory is of no real significance due to the portable nature of the chain.^[8]

Gallery

Whitecleuch Farm, where the chain was discovered
Chain ends linked together by penannular ring to form choker.

References

^ Laing, Lloyd Robert (1975), The archaeology of late Celtic Britain and Ireland, c. 400-1200 AD, Taylor & Francis
^ ^a ^b ^c Clark, J Gilchrist (1880), "Notes on a Gold Lunette found at Auchentaggart, Dumfriesshire, and a Massive Silver Chain found at Whitecleugh, Lanarkshire, exhibited by His Grace The Duke of Buccleuch." (PDF), Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 14: 222–224, doi:10.9750/PSAS.014.222.224, S2CID 253274529, retrieved 1 August 2010
^ Graham-Campbell, James (1991), "Nome's Law, Fife: on the nature and dating of the silver hoard" (PDF), Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 121: 241–259, doi:10.9750/PSAS.121.241.260, S2CID 231547049, archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2007, retrieved 2 August 2010
^ Stevenson, Robert B.K. (1955), "Pictish Art", in Wainwright, F.T. (ed.), The Problem of the Picts, Edinburgh and London: Nelson
^ Smith, John Alexander (April 1872), "Notice of a Silver Chain or Girdle, the Property of Thomas Simson, of Blainslie, Esq., Berwickshire; another, in the University of Aberdeen; and of other Ancient Scottish Silver chains." (PDF), Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 10: 321–347, doi:10.9750/PSAS.010.321.347, S2CID 253286223, retrieved 1 August 2010
^ "Whitecleuch: Chain (silver) (Pictish)", Canmore; Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, retrieved 2 August 2010
^ See for example:
Breeze, Andrew (1999), "Pictish chains and Welsh forgeries" (PDF), Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 128: 481–484, doi:10.9750/PSAS.128.481.484, S2CID 194155299, retrieved 2 August 2010
^ Wainwright, F.T. (1955), "The Picts and the Problem", in Wainwright, F.T. (ed.), The Problem of the Picts, Edinburgh and London: Nelson