Western States Football League

The Western States Football League (WSFL) is a defunct American junior college football league for schools in the states of Arizona, Idaho, New Mexico and Utah that existed from 1985 to 2018. The league was part of the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA).

History

Formed in 1985, the WSFL initially consisted of ten schools, six from the Arizona Community College Athletic Conference (ACCAC) and four from the Intermountain Collegiate Athletic Conference (ICAC).[1] The founding members were:

Over the years, a number of schools entered and left the league. In 1988, Eastern Utah cancelled its football program and left the league. Its place was taken in 1993 by New Mexico Military Institute. Eastern Arizona left the WSFL in 1994, but rejoined the following year. New Mexico Military left the league in 1996, but rejoined in 2001. Pima Community College joined the WSFL in 2001. In 2002, Ricks College cancelled all sports and left the WSFL, after changing its name to Brigham Young University–Idaho. In 2006, Dixie State left the league when the school moved to the NCAA Division II level. New Mexico Military left the WSFL for the Southwest Junior College Football Conference (SJCFC) following the 2015 season.

All of the schools in Arizona canceled football following the 2018 season, leaving only Snow College, which is now an NJCAA independent.

Former members

Institution Location Founded Nickname Colors Joined Left
Arizona Western College Yuma, Arizona 1963 Matadors     1985 2018
Dixie State College of Utah St. George, Utah 1911 Trailblazers     1985 2006
Eastern Arizona College Thatcher, Arizona 1888 Gila Monsters     1985, 1995 1994, 2018
College of Eastern Utah Price, Utah 1937 Eagles     1985 1988
Glendale Community College Glendale, Arizona 1965 Gauchos     1985 2018
Mesa Community College Mesa, Arizona 1965 Thunderbirds     1985 2018
New Mexico Military Institute Roswell, New Mexico 1891 Broncos     1993, 2001 1996, 2015
Phoenix College Phoenix, Arizona 1920 Bears     1985 2018
Pima Community College Tucson, Arizona 1969 Aztecs     2001 2018
Ricks College Rexburg, Idaho 1888 Vikings     1985 2002
Scottsdale Community College Scottsdale, Arizona 1969 Fighting Artichokes     1985 2018
Snow College Ephraim, Utah 1888 Badgers     1985 2018

National championships

  • Phoenix College won the NJCAA National Football Championship in 1964.
  • Arizona Western College won the NJCAA National Football Championship in 1972.
  • Mesa Community College won the NJCAA National Football Championship in 1973 and 1975.
  • Snow College won the NJCAA National Football Championship in 1985.
  • Glendale Community College won the NJCAA National Football Championship in 1988, 2000 and 2005.

Yearly standings

1985 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Snow $ 9 – 0 – 0 11 – 0 – 0
Phoenix 8 – 1 – 0 8 – 1 – 0
Ricks 6 – 3 – 0 7 – 3 – 0
Dixie (UT) 5 – 4 – 0 7 – 4 – 0
Scottsdale 5 – 4 – 0 5 – 4 – 0
Arizona Western 5 – 4 – 0 5 – 4 – 0
Eastern Utah 3 – 6 – 0 3 – 6 – 0
Glendale (AZ) 3 – 6 – 0 3 – 6 – 0
Mesa (AZ) 1 – 8 – 0 1 – 8 – 0
Eastern Arizona 0 – 9 – 0 0 – 9 – 0
  • $ – Conference champion
1986 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Ricks $ 8 – 0 – 1 10 – 0 – 1
Dixie (UT) 8 – 1 – 0 11 – 1 – 0
Phoenix 7 – 2 – 0 8 – 2 – 0
Snow 6 – 3 – 0 6 – 4 – 0
Arizona Western 5 – 4 – 0 5 – 4 – 0
Scottsdale 4 – 5 – 0 4 – 5 – 0
Mesa (AZ) 3 – 6 – 0 3 – 6 – 0
Eastern Utah 2 – 6 – 1 3 – 6 – 1
Glendale (AZ) 1 – 8 – 0 1 – 8 – 0
Eastern Arizona 0 – 9 – 0 0 – 9 – 0
  • $ – Conference champion
1987 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Dixie (UT) $ 8 – 1 – 0 11 – 1 – 0
Snow 7 – 2 – 0 7 – 3 – 0
Mesa (AZ) 6 – 2 – 1 7 – 3 – 1
Phoenix 6 – 2 – 1 6 – 3 – 1
Ricks 5 – 4 – 0 7 – 4 – 0
Arizona Western 4 – 4 – 1 4 – 4 – 1
Glendale (AZ) 3 – 6 – 0 3 – 6 – 0
Eastern Utah 2 – 7 – 0 2 – 7 – 0
Scottsdale 1 – 7 – 1 1 – 7 – 1
Eastern Arizona 1 – 8 – 0 1 – 8 – 0
  • $ – Conference champion
1988 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Glendale (AZ) $ 8 – 0 – 0 10 – 0 – 0
Ricks 6 – 2 – 0 9 – 2 – 0
Dixie (UT) 5 – 3 – 0 8 – 3 – 0
Mesa (AZ) 5 – 3 – 0 6 – 3 – 0
Snow 3 – 5 – 0 4 – 6 – 0
Phoenix 3 – 5 – 0 3 – 6 – 0
Arizona Western 3 – 5 – 0 3 – 7 – 0
Scottsdale 2 – 6 – 0 3 – 6 – 0
Eastern Arizona 0 – 8 – 0 0 – 9 – 0
  • $ – Conference champion
1989 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Mesa (AZ) $ 7 – 0 – 1 9 – 0 – 1
Dixie (UT) 7 – 1 – 0 10 – 1 – 0
Ricks 6 – 1 – 1 8 – 2 – 1
Snow 4 – 3 – 1 6 – 3 – 2
Glendale (AZ) 4 – 3 – 1 4 – 3 – 1
Arizona Western 3 – 5 – 0 3 – 7 – 0
Phoenix 1 – 7 – 0 1 – 7 – 1
Eastern Arizona 1 – 7 – 0 1 – 7 – 0
Scottsdale 1 – 7 – 0 1 – 8 – 0
  • $ – Conference champion
1990 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Dixie (UT) + 6 – 2 – 0 9 – 2 – 0
Glendale (AZ) + 6 – 2 – 0 7 – 3 – 0
Ricks + 6 – 2 – 0 7 – 4 – 0
Snow 4 – 4 – 0 5 – 5 – 0
Mesa (AZ) 5 – 3 – 0 5 – 3 – 0
Eastern Arizona 3 – 5 – 0 4 – 5 – 0
Scottsdale 3 – 5 – 0 4 – 5 – 0
Phoenix 2 – 6 – 0 2 – 7 – 0
Arizona Western 1 – 7 – 0 1 – 8 – 0
  • + – Conference co-champions
1991 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Glendale (AZ) $ 7 – 1 – 0 8 – 2 – 0
Ricks 6 – 2 – 0 9 – 2 – 0
Snow 6 – 2 – 0 8 – 2 – 0
Mesa (AZ) 6 – 2 – 0 7 – 2 – 0
Dixie (UT) 4 – 4 – 0 6 – 5 – 0
Phoenix 3 – 5 – 0 3 – 6 – 0
Scottsdale 2 – 6 – 0 3 – 6 – 0
Arizona Western 2 – 6 – 0 2 – 6 – 0
Eastern Arizona 0 – 8 – 0 1 – 9 – 0
  • $ – Conference champion
1992 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Ricks $ 8 – 0 – 0 11 – 0 – 0
Snow 7 – 1 – 0 8 – 2 – 0
Glendale (AZ) 5 – 3 – 0 7 – 3 – 0
Mesa (AZ) 5 – 3 – 0 6 – 3 – 0
Dixie (UT) 4 – 4 – 0 5 – 5 – 0
Eastern Arizona 2 – 6 – 0 3 – 7 – 0
Arizona Western 2 – 6 – 0 2 – 7 – 0
Phoenix 2 – 6 – 0 2 – 7 – 0
Scottsdale 1 – 7 – 0 1 – 8 – 0
  • $ – Conference champion
1993 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Ricks $ 9 – 0 – 0 10 – 1 – 0
Glendale (AZ) 7 – 2 – 0 8 – 2 – 0
Snow 6 – 3 – 0 7 – 3 – 0
Mesa (AZ) 6 – 3 – 0 6 – 3 – 0
Scottsdale 5 – 4 – 0 5 – 4 – 0
Phoenix 4 – 5 – 0 4 – 5 – 0
Arizona Western 3 – 6 – 0 3 – 6 – 0
New Mexico Military 2 – 7 – 0 3 – 7 – 0
Dixie (UT) * 2 – 7 – 0 3 – 8 – 0
Eastern Arizona 1 – 8 – 0 1 – 8 – 0
  • $ – Conference champion
  • * – Dixie forfeited five conference wins—over Ricks, Snow, Mesa, Scottsdale, and Eastern Arizona—because of ineligible player.
1994 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Ricks $ 8 – 0 – 0 11 – 0 – 0
Dixie (UT) 5 – 2 – 1 8 – 2 – 1
Snow 5 – 2 – 1 6 – 2 – 1
Mesa (AZ) 4 – 4 – 0 6 – 4 – 0
Glendale (AZ) 3 – 4 – 1 4 – 4 – 1
Scottsdale 3 – 4 – 1 3 – 5 – 1
Arizona Western 3 – 5 – 0 3 – 7 – 0
New Mexico Military 2 – 6 – 0 3 – 7 – 0
Phoenix 1 – 7 – 0 1 – 8 – 0
  • $ – Conference champion
1995 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Dixie (UT) $ 8 – 1 – 0 10 – 1 – 0
Snow 7 – 2 – 0 9 – 2 – 0
Ricks 7 – 2 – 0 8 – 4 – 0
Glendale (AZ) 6 – 3 – 0 7 – 4 – 0
Mesa (AZ) 5 – 4 – 0 6 – 4 – 0
Scottsdale 5 – 4 – 0 5 – 5 – 0
Arizona Western 3 – 6 – 0 3 – 7 – 0
Eastern Arizona 2 – 7 – 0 2 – 7 – 0
Phoenix 2 – 7 – 0 2 – 8 – 0
New Mexico Military 0 – 9 – 0 1 – 10 – 0
  • $ – Conference champion
1996 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Dixie (UT) + 7 – 1 – 0 10 – 1 – 0
Snow + 7 – 1 – 0 9 – 1 – 0
Glendale (AZ) 5 – 3 – 0 8 – 3 – 0
Ricks 5 – 3 – 0 6 – 4 – 0
Arizona Western 4 – 4 – 0 5 – 5 – 0
Eastern Arizona 3 – 5 – 0 4 – 6 – 0
Mesa (AZ) 2 – 6 – 0 4 – 6 – 0
Scottsdale 2 – 6 – 0 2 – 7 – 0
Phoenix 1 – 7 – 0 1 – 8 – 0
  • + – Conference co-champions
1997 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Ricks $ 8 – 0 – 0 11 – 1 – 0
Dixie (UT) 7 – 1 – 0 11 – 1 – 0
Snow 6 – 2 – 0 8 – 3 – 0
Eastern Arizona 5 – 3 – 0 6 – 4 – 0
Glendale (AZ) 4 – 4 – 0 7 – 4 – 0
Mesa (AZ) 3 – 5 – 0 5 – 5 – 0
Scottsdale 1 – 7 – 0 2 – 8 – 0
Arizona Western 1 – 7 – 0 2 – 8 – 0
Phoenix 1 – 7 – 0 1 – 8 – 0
  • $ – Conference champion
1998 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Ricks $ 8 – 0 – 0 10 – 1 – 0
Snow 6 – 2 – 0 8 – 2 – 0
Arizona Western 5 – 3 – 0 7 – 4 – 0
Mesa (AZ) 5 – 3 – 0 7 – 5 – 0
Dixie (UT) 5 – 3 – 0 7 – 5 – 0
Glendale (AZ) 3 – 5 – 0 5 – 5 – 0
Scottsdale 2 – 6 – 0 2 – 8 – 0
Eastern Arizona 1 – 7 – 0 3 – 7 – 0
Phoenix 1 – 7 – 0 1 – 9 – 0
  • $ – Conference champion
1999 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Dixie (UT) $ 8 – 0 – 0 11 – 1 – 0
Ricks 7 – 1 – 0 10 – 1 – 0
Snow 5 – 3 – 0 7 – 3 – 0
Arizona Western 5 – 3 – 0 6 – 4 – 0
Glendale (AZ) 3 – 4 – 0 5 – 6 – 0
Mesa (AZ) 2 – 6 – 0 3 – 7 – 0
Eastern Arizona 2 – 5 – 0 2 – 6 – 0
Phoenix 2 – 6 – 0 3 – 7 – 0
Scottsdale 1 – 7 – 0 2 – 8 – 0
  • $ – Conference champion
  • The conference game between Glendale and Eastern Arizona was ruled a no-content after the game was ended at halftime following a brawl between the two teams.
2000 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Glendale (AZ) $ 7 – 1 – 0 10 – 1 – 0
Arizona Western 6 – 2 – 0 7 – 2 – 0
Snow 6 – 2 – 0 7 – 3 – 0
Dixie State 5 – 3 – 0 8 – 3 – 0
Ricks 5 – 3 – 0 8 – 3 – 0
Scottsdale 3 – 5 – 0 5 – 5 – 0
Eastern Arizona 2 – 6 – 0 3 – 7 – 0
Phoenix 2 – 6 – 0 3 – 7 – 0
Mesa (AZ) 0 – 8 – 0 1 – 9 – 0
  • $ – Conference champion
2001 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team W   L   T W   L   T
Dixie State + 9 – 1 – 0 11 – 1 – 0
Ricks + 9 – 1 – 0 10 – 1 – 0
Snow 6 – 4 – 0 6 – 4 – 0
Scottsdale 6 – 4 – 0 6 – 5 – 0
Mesa (AZ) 5 – 5 – 0 5 – 5 – 0
Glendale (AZ) 5 – 5 – 0 5 – 5 – 0
Arizona Western 4 – 6 – 0 4 – 6 – 0
Pima 4 – 6 – 0 4 – 6 – 0
Eastern Arizona 3 – 7 – 0 3 – 7 – 0
New Mexico Military 3 – 7 – 0 3 – 7 – 0
Phoenix 1 – 9 – 0 1 – 9 – 0
  • + – Conference co-champions
2002 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Dixie State $   9 – 0     10 – 2  
Glendale (AZ)   7 – 2     9 – 2  
Snow   7 – 2     8 – 2  
Pima   6 – 3     7 – 3  
Arizona Western   5 – 4     6 – 4  
New Mexico Military   5 – 4     5 – 6  
Scottsdale   3 – 6     3 – 6  
Mesa (AZ)   2 – 7     2 – 7  
Phoenix   1 – 8     2 – 8  
Eastern Arizona   0 – 9     0 – 10  
  • $ – Conference champion
2003 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Snow +   8 – 1     10 – 1  
Dixie State +   8 – 1     10 – 2  
Glendale (AZ)   7 – 2     9 – 2  
Arizona Western   5 – 4     7 – 4  
Pima   4 – 5     6 – 5  
New Mexico Military   3 – 6     5 – 6  
Eastern Arizona   3 – 6     3 – 7  
Mesa (AZ)   3 – 6     3 – 7  
Phoenix   2 – 7     3 – 7  
Scottsdale   2 – 7     3 – 7  
  • + – Conference co-champions
2004 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Scottsdale $   8 – 1     9 – 2  
Dixie State   7 – 2     10 – 2  
Pima   6 – 3     9 – 3  
Glendale (AZ)   6 – 3     6 – 4  
Snow   5 – 4     7 – 4  
Mesa (AZ)   5 – 4     6 – 4  
Arizona Western   5 – 4     5 – 4  
New Mexico Military   1 – 8     2 – 9  
Eastern Arizona   1 – 8     1 – 8  
Phoenix   1 – 8     1 – 8  
  • $ – Conference champion
2005 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Glendale (AZ) $   9 – 0     11 – 0  
Snow   7 – 2     10 – 2  
Dixie State   6 – 3     9 – 3  
Mesa (AZ)   6 – 3     7 – 3  
Eastern Arizona   5 – 4     6 – 4  
New Mexico Military   4 – 5     6 – 5  
Scottsdale   4 – 5     5 – 5  
Arizona Western   3 – 6     4 – 7  
Phoenix   1 – 8     1 – 9  
Pima   0 – 9     0 – 9  
  • $ – Conference champion
2006 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Snow +   7 – 1     11 – 1  
Glendale (AZ) +   7 – 1     9 – 2  
Scottsdale   6 – 2     6 – 4  
Eastern Arizona   5 – 3     7 – 4  
New Mexico Military   4 – 4     5 – 5  
Arizona Western   3 – 5     5 – 6  
Phoenix   3 – 5     4 – 6  
Mesa (AZ)   1 – 7     2 – 7  
Pima   0 – 8     0 – 10  
  • + – Conference co-champions
2007 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Snow $   8 – 0     11 – 1  
Eastern Arizona   6 – 2     9 – 2  
Mesa (AZ)   6 – 2     9 – 2  
Glendale (AZ)   5 – 3     6 – 4  
Phoenix   4 – 4     4 – 6  
Scottsdale   3 – 5     5 – 5  
New Mexico Military   2 – 6     3 – 8  
Arizona Western   2 – 6     2 – 8  
Pima   0 – 8     1 – 10  
  • $ – Conference champion
2008 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Snow $   8 – 0     11 – 1  
Glendale (AZ)   6 – 2     8 – 2  
Phoenix   6 – 2     7 – 4  
Eastern Arizona   5 – 3     8 – 3  
Arizona Western   4 – 4     5 – 5  
New Mexico Military   3 – 5     5 – 6  
Mesa (AZ)   3 – 5     3 – 7  
Scottsdale   1 – 7     3 – 7  
Pima   0 – 8     0 – 10  
  • $ – Conference champion
2009 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Snow +   7 – 1     10 – 2  
Arizona Western +   7 – 1     9 – 2  
Eastern Arizona   5 – 3     8 – 3  
New Mexico Military   5 – 3     7 – 3  
Glendale (AZ)   4 – 4     7 – 5  
Phoenix   3 – 5     4 – 6  
Scottsdale   3 – 5     4 – 6  
Mesa (AZ)   2 – 6     2 – 8  
Pima   0 – 8     0 – 10  
  • + – Conference co-champions
2010 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Arizona Western +   7 – 1     10 – 2  
Snow +   7 – 1     10 – 2  
Eastern Arizona   6 – 2     8 – 4  
Glendale (AZ)   5 – 3     8 – 3  
Scottsdale   4 – 4     6 – 4  
New Mexico Military   3 – 5     3 – 8  
Phoenix   2 – 6     2 – 8  
Pima   1 – 7     3 – 8  
Mesa (AZ)   1 – 7     1 – 9  
  • + – Conference co-champions
2012 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Snow $   8 – 0     10 – 1  
Arizona Western   6 – 2     8 – 2  
Glendale (AZ)   6 – 2     8 – 3  
Mesa (AZ)   5 – 3     6 – 5  
New Mexico Military   4 – 4     6 – 5  
Scottsdale   3 – 5     5 – 5  
Phoenix   3 – 6     3 – 7  
Eastern Arizona   2 – 6     4 – 6  
Pima   0 – 9     1 – 10  
  • $ – Conference champion
2013 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Scottsdale y$^   7 – 1     10 – 1  
Mesa (AZ) y^   7 – 1     8 – 3  
New Mexico Military ^   5 – 3     8 – 4  
Eastern Arizona ^   5 – 3     6 – 5  
Pima   5 – 5     5 – 5  
Snow   5 – 5     5 – 6  
Glendale (AZ)   4 – 7     4 – 7  
Arizona Western   2 – 8     2 – 10  
Phoenix   1 – 8     1 – 8  
WSFL championship: Scottsdale 45, Mesa (AZ) 31
  • $ – Conference champion
  • y – Championship game participant
  • ^ – WSFL playoff participant
2014 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Arizona Western y$^   7 – 1     11 – 1  
Snow ^   7 – 1     8 – 2  
Scottsdale y^   7 – 1     8 – 3  
Glendale (AZ) ^   5 – 3     5 – 5  
Eastern Arizona   4 – 4     6 – 5  
Mesa (AZ)   3 – 5     5 – 5  
New Mexico Military   2 – 6     3 – 8  
Pima   1 – 7     3 – 8  
Phoenix   0 – 8     0 – 9  
WSFL championship: Arizona Western 52, Scottsdale 27
  • $ – Conference champion
  • y – Championship game participant
  • ^ – WSFL playoff participant
2015 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Snow y$^   7 – 1     10 – 1  
Arizona Western ^   5 – 3     7 – 4  
Pima y^   5 – 3     7 – 4  
Eastern Arizona   5 – 3     7 – 4  
New Mexico Military ^   5 – 3     6 – 5  
Scottsdale   4 – 4     7 – 4  
Glendale (AZ)   3 – 5     3 – 7  
Mesa (AZ)   2 – 6     3 – 7  
Phoenix   0 – 8     0 – 8  
WSFL championship: Snow 26, Pima 16
  • $ – Conference champion
  • y – Championship game participant
  • ^ – WSFL playoff participant
2016 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Arizona Western $   8 – 0     11 – 1  
Mesa (AZ)   6 – 1     9 – 2  
Eastern Arizona   4 – 2     9 – 3  
Snow   4 – 3     7 – 3  
Phoenix   2 – 5     5 – 6  
Pima   2 – 6     3 – 6  
Glendale (AZ)   1 – 5     4 – 6  
Scottsdale   1 – 6     1 – 9  
  • $ – Conference champion
2017 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
Arizona Western $   7 – 0     9 – 1  
Snow   6 – 1     10 – 1  
Eastern Arizona   4 – 3     8 – 4  
Mesa (AZ)   4 – 3     6 – 5  
Scottsdale   3 – 4     6 – 4  
Phoenix   2 – 5     3 – 7  
Glendale (AZ)   2 – 5     2 – 8  
Pima   0 – 7     2 – 9  
  • $ – Conference champion
2018 Western States Football League standings
Conf Overall
Team   W   L     W   L  
No. 10 Eastern Arizona $   6 – 1     9 – 3  
No. 9 Snow   5 – 2     8 – 3  
Pima   4 – 2     6 – 4  
No. 19 Scottsdale   4 – 3     7 – 4  
Arizona Western   4 – 3     6 – 5  
Mesa (AZ)   2 – 4     4 – 5  
Glendale (AZ)   2 – 5     3 – 8  
Phoenix   0 – 7     1 – 10  
  • $ – Conference champion
Rankings from NJCAA Poll

References

  1. ^ Obert, Dick (November 14, 1984). "AACAC officials OK new juco conference". Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. p. G5. Retrieved April 17, 2024 – via Newspapers.com Open access icon.