In 1887, the Los Angeles Herald announced that the ensuing St. James Park neighborhood would have a stone entrance to "rival the Arc de Triomphe" and would be eventually be surrounded by "the most costly residences yet erected on this coast".[4] The parkland was named and donated to the city by George King and his wife in commemoration of their many trips to London.[5] The gated community of Chester Place was developed in 1889 [6] On October 24, 1901, Edward L. Doheny purchased number 8 Chester Place for $120,000 cash.[7]
In 1890, St. Margaret's School for Girls moved from Pasadena to West Adams. On October 1, 1890, the school opened at the corner of 23rd and Scarff Streets.[8][9] Occupying the empty Marlborough Hotel, the school adopted the name of its new location and was renamed the Marlborough School for Girls.[8] It remained in West Adams for 26 years before relocating to Hancock Park in 1916.[8]
1900s - 1910s
In 1906, numerous West Adams residents experienced a water shortage because the new pipe from the Ivanhoe reservoir was not completed on time. The new reservoir would hold nearly "a billion gallons" of water.[10] In September of that year, a Los Angeles Times reporter wrote: "The growing popularity of apartment houses is causing them to encroach on grounds heretofore exclusively reserved for high-class residences". He was reporting on "one of the handsomest apartment-houses in the city", which was designed by Thornton Fitzhue and was to be built on the southern side of St. James Park. .[11] Landowner John R. Powers completed another apartment building in St. James Place in 1909, with an entrance also on Scarff Street. Designed by George W. Wryman, it was divided into four apartments of seven rooms each; the venture represented an investment of $35,000.[12]
In 1913, the Times announced that the Monarch Hotel was to be built in the "fashionable residence district" of West Adams.[13] By 1916, the Los Angeles Times stated that the area was "already known for its private parks and handsome homes". At that time, improvements to the boulevard were being spearheaded by five prominent residents including Isidore B. Dockweiler, William May Garland and Edward L. Doheny.[14] After convincing thirty-five other residents to help with funding, the old street paving between Figueroa and Hoover streets was replaced with an asphalt surface. Adams Boulevard was now 65 feet wide with a series of center islands planted with flowers, shrubs and mature palms. Six-cluster electroliers, which were duplicates of those that lined Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, were installed on both sides of Adams Street.[14] Adams Boulevard was now a "magnificent concourse" and "one of the most popular drives in Los Angeles".[14]
1920s - 1930s
In 1921, the Automobile Club announced that it would build a new headquarters at Figueroa and Adams. Architects Sumner Hunt and S.R. Burns designed a building of "attractive Spanish design" that would be a "distinctive structure for the West Adams district".[15]
In 1925, silent screen star Ramon Novarro purchased a home in "the exclusive West Adams district" for $12,000 and spent an additional $100,000 on renovations.[16][17]
In 1927, during the prohibition era, the Times reported that the vice squad raided a "luxurious fourteen rooom mansion in the exclusive West Adams district". The mansion, located at 2234 Adams Street, contained "the most extensive and elaborate moonshine production plant" they had seen in many months.[citation needed]
In 1931, during the Great Depression, the recently organized West Adams Relief Committee provided work for twenty men for ninety days. Married men with families who lived in West Adams and were registered voters would be paid $2 a day.[18]
Though West Adams had previously been described as "fashionable" and "exclusive", in 1937 the Times wrote: "St James Place, Chester Place, Scarff Street - those place-names mean little to present day Angelinos. Yet they spell an aristocratic Los Angeles of the past, and to a good extent, the present. They are of the wealthy Los Angeles of a past generation, and a visitor to the neighborhood will find evidence of its elegance, if somewhat frayed and faded in spots."[19]
In December 1945, some of the white residents filed a lawsuit against 31 Black residents—including Hattie McDaniel. McDaniel held workshops to strategize for the case and gathered around 250 sympathizers to accompany her to court. Judge Thurmond Clarke left the courtroom to see the disputed neighborhood and threw out the case the following day. He said, "It is time that members of the Negro race are accorded, without reservations or evasions, the full rights guaranteed them under the 14th Amendment to the Federal Constitution. Judges have been avoiding the real issue too long."[21] McDaniel’s case would go on to set a precedent that later impacted the 1948 Shelley v. Kramer Supreme Court Ruling which in summary states that “holding that state courts may not enforce racially restrictive covenants.”[22]
Starting in 1961, construction of the ten-lane Santa Monica Freeway (Interstate 10) tore through West Adams' core, with the freeway routed east to west just north of Adams Boulevard. Its construction resulted in the taking (by eminent domain) and demolition of numerous West Adams homes, including a number of mansions owned by African Americans.[24] The construction resulted in substantial displacement of West Adams residents, including the relocation of much of the area's affluent Black families.[25] As the Los Angeles Sentinel reported:
The road could have been built without cutting through the so-called Sugar Hill section. However, in order to miss Sugar Hill, it was "said" that the route would have to cut through fraternity and sorority row area around USC. Sorority and fraternity row still stands and Sugar Hill doesn't, so you know who won out![25]
As in many other American cities during the heyday of Interstate Highway Act construction, interstate highway rights of way were disproportionately routed through predominantly African American communities, causing substantial displacement of residents and steep declines in neighborhood viability.[26]
In 1971, Los Angeles Metropolitan Medical Center opened as the city’s first black-owned hospital. According to the LA Weekly , "In the 1970s and '80s it was a thriving, vital part of the West Adams community."[27]
1980s - present day
In 2000, the Alpha Gamma Omega sorority house, a Craftsman structure built in 1911 and located in West Adams, received a Preserve L.A. grant from the Getty Trust.[28]
In 2004, homes were demolished and lots were cleared in West Adams for what was then referred to as "Central High School No. 2".[29] The Times reported that "a century-old neighborhood of houses and businesses" were demolished to make room for a new $130 million 15-acre high school.[29]West Adams Preparatory High School opened in the fall semester of 2007 with a final budget of $176 million.[30]
In 2007, the city approved the "West Adams Streetscape Enhancement Program" proposed by LANI (Los Angeles Neighborhood Initiative). Improvements included the installation of four "gateway markers" at the corners of Adams Boulevard and Western Avenue and Adams Boulevard and Vermont Avenue. Additionally, 58 magnolia trees were planted along Adams Boulevard between Western and Vermont Avenues, along with additional trees clustered near the gateway markers.[31]
In 2010, This Old House magazine named West Adams as "one of the country’s best neighborhoods for old houses".[32] Criteria included "architectural diversity, craftsmanship of the homes, and the preservation momentum in the area".[33] The magazine noted that West Adams was "once home to Los Angeles’s wealthiest 19th-century bankers" and that the neighborhood was best for movie buffs and city life.[34]
In 2011, the Times reported on neighbors pushing back against crime and wrote: "The neighborhood around them at Western Avenue and Adams Boulevard might be blighted, but they are not about to cede to urban ills their graceful streets of century-old bungalows, well-tended lawns and curbside jacarandas and towering palms."[35]
In 2016, then-rep.(D-Los Angeles) and now Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass, said "I tour people through the area all the time and they are surprised when they see beautiful homes, because it's not the perception of the neighborhood."[36] That same year, an empty West Adams Hospital was transformed into a temporary art gallery.[27]
Beginning in 2000, the Eighth District Empowerment Congress began working on the "Naming Neighborhoods Project" to identify and name the communities with the neighborhood council area. Through research, a meeting with an urban historian, and numerous community meetings, sixteen neighborhoods, including the neighborhood of West Adams, were submitted to City Council in October 2001 and approved in February 2002.[37]
At that time, the city was directed to install "West Adams" neighborhood signs on Vermont, Western and Adams Boulevards [37][38][39][40]
Additionally, the area is marked with large concrete "gateway markers" at Western and Adams and Vermont and Adams.[31]
Los Angeles Times and other sources
According to the Los Angeles Times, West Adams is bounded by Figueroa Street on the east, West Boulevard on the west, Pico Boulevard on the north and Jefferson Boulevard on the south.[41] (Previously, the Times defined West Adams with a slightly smaller boundary: Vermont Avenue on the east, Crenshaw Boulevard on the west, Venice Boulevard on the north, and Jefferson Boulevard on the south.)[42]
The book Images of America - West Adams by Don Lynch, Suzanne Tarbell Cooper, and John Kurtz states that West Adams stretches "roughly from Figueroa Street on the east to West Boulevard on the west, and from Pico Boulevard on the north to Jefferson Boulevard on the south."[43]
West of West Adams, communities sought to capitalize on their proximity to the "magnificent West Adams district"[45] However, unlike the mansions and large homes east of Crenshaw Boulevard, the homes built in this area were bungalows.[46] They were advertised to people of "moderate means" and were priced to sell for "ten to twenty times" less than homes in West Adams.[47]
In 1911, Carlin Geer Smith, who developed DuRay Place,[48] petitioned the city to annex the "West Adams Extension District", but the city turned down the application.[49]
Glen Airy Place, "near the fashionable West Adams District, 1911DuRay Place, "practically adjoining the exclusive West Adams District", 1912
Glen Airy Place - Glen Airy Place was a residential subdivision advertised as "near the fashionable West Adams District". An official subdivision map gives the boundaries as Adams Street on the north, roughly Mansfield Avenue on the east, Roseland Street on the south and the rear line of properties fronting on Edgewater Street on the west.[50]
DuRay Place - Located near the intersection of Adams Boulevard and Washington Boulevard, DuRay Place called itself the "Tract of Opportunity". DuRay Place was "practically adjoining the exclusive West Adams District, where homes are selling at ten to twenty times our prices."
Demographics
In 1985, West Adams was a predominantly "Black middle-class area with growing Latino and Korean segments, plus a mix of Hungarians, Poles, Japanese, USC students and an increasing young professional and gay population."[51]
In 2007, it was noted that African-American gays were "eschewing the overpriced and completely gentrified territory of West Hollywood" and were instead moving to West Adams.[52]
In 2014, the Times stated that "after a recent wave of Latino immigration", young professionals were purchasing homes in the neighborhoods west of USC, including the "stately Victorian and Craftsman mansions of West Adams" and the "smaller Craftsman bungalows" of Jefferson Park.[53]
According to Mapping L.A., Mexican (29.2%) and Salvadoran (5.7%) were the most common ancestries in 2000. Mexico (37.4%) and El Salvador (25.1%) were the most common foreign places of birth.[54]
Education
West Adams Preparatory High School
The schools within the West Adams neighborhood include:[55]
32nd Street / USC Performing Arts Magnet, LAUSD, 822 W. 32nd St.
John W. Mack Elementary School, LAUSD, 3020 S. Catalina St.
Norwood Street Elementary, LAUSD, 2020 Oak St.
Vermont Avenue Elementary School, LAUSD, 1435 W. 27th St.
Camino Nuevo Elementary No. 3, Charter, 1723 Cordova St.
United Neighborhoods of the historic Arlington Heights, West Adams, and Jefferson Park Community Neighborhood Council (West Adams, Arlington Heights, Jefferson Park)[61][62][63]
Empowerment Congress North Area Neighborhood Development Council (West Adams area)[61]
Mid-City Neighborhood Council (Lafayette Square, Victoria Park and Wellington Square)[64]
^ abElenberger, Allan R. (July 11, 2015). Ramon Vovarro: A Biography. McFarland. p. 57. ISBN9781476607825. Retrieved July 4, 2024. He purchased an old fashioned roomy house at 2265 W. 22nd Street in the exclusive West Adams District for $12,000. He spent $100,000 on the renovation, which took several months.
^"Ramon Novarro". West Adams Heritage Association. Retrieved July 4, 2024. In 1925 Novarro purchased a house at 2265 West 22nd Street in West Adams for $12,000. He spent $100,000 on the renovation, adding a private wing with a suite of dressing rooms, servants' quarters, and his own theatre.
^ abPoole, Bob (May 27, 2004). "Old House Seeks a New Place It Can Call Home". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 7, 2023. The classrooms haven't been built yet. But home work is already being parceled out at Central High School No. 2 in the West Adams district.
^Broverman, Neal (February 17, 2010). "West Adams Named One of Country's Best Old-House Neighborhoods". Curbed L.A. Retrieved August 28, 2024. The mostly genteel neighborhood of West Adams has been named one of the country's "Best Old-House Neighborhoods" by This Old House magazine. Criteria included "architectural diversity, craftsmanship of the homes, and the preservation momentum in the area as well as neighborhood amenities including walkability, safety, and community"
^"Best Old House Neighborhoods 2010". This Old House. February 2010. Retrieved August 28, 2024. West Adams, Los Angeles, California. Once home to Los Angeles's wealthiest 19th-century bankers and mining execs, West Adams seems like a studio backdrop for the set of a perfect small town. This is L.A., so even traditional styles, such as Craftsman and Mission, are glitzed to the max with detail. West Adams, Los Angeles, is among the best for: City Life, Movie Buffs,
^ abc"Council File 01-1874"(PDF). No. 16. City of Los Angeles. January 2005. pp. 31, 46, 49. Retrieved August 31, 2020. Area to be officially designated as "West Adams": • South Vermont Avenue between West 24th Street and West Jefferson Boulevard • West Jefferson Boulevard, between Western Avenue and South Vermont Avenue • South Western Avenue between West Jefferson Boulevard and the 10 "Santa Monica" Freeway • Santa Monica Freeway, between South Western Avenue and South Budlong Avenue • South Budlong Avenue, between the 10 "Santa Monica" Freeway and West 24th Street • West 24th Street between South Budlong Avenue and South Vermont Avenue
^Hofmann, Michelle (February 27, 2010). "On the market: West Adams". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 9, 2023. One of L.A.'s oldest neighborhoods, West Adams borders Figueroa Street on the east, West Boulevard on the west, Pico Boulevard on the north and Jefferson Boulevard on the south.
^Lynch, Don; Cooper, Suzanne Tarbell; John, Kurtz (2008). "Introduction". Images of America - West Adams. Arcadia Publishing. p. 7. ISBN978-0-7385-5920-9. Retrieved December 24, 2023. West Adams , an area roughly bounded by Figueroa Street, Jefferson Boulevard, Pico Boulevard and West Street.
^Macveen, Mary (June 12, 2010). "Greene & Greene for under $1 million". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 15, 2024. The 2,620-square-foot house, designed in 1905 and expanded in 1917, sits on Cambridge Street in the area of West Adams known as Harvard Heights.
^"DuRay Place". Los Angeles Evening Post Record. March 23, 1912. Retrieved August 2, 2024. DuRay Place, an ideal home spot for a man of moderate means; practically adjoining the exclusive West Adams district, where property is selling at ten to twenty times our prices.
^"Du Ray Place( Baldwin Hills, Mid-City)". LAStreetnames.com. In 1912, realtor Carlin Geer Smith named his Du Ray Place tract in honor of his father and/or his brother.
^Lawrence, Diane (December 16, 2017). "The History of Adams Boulevard Crenshaw to Fairfax". The Neighborhood News. Retrieved August 2, 2024. arlin Smith began to lobby Los Angeles officials, asking them to annex the area of his subdivisions – which he now called the "West Adams Extension District." But the city's elected officials turned down the application, and Smith bitterly complained ...
^[4] G.W. Baist, David Rumsey Historical Map Collection, Plate 36, Los Angeles, California, 1921
^Price, Susan (December 21, 1986). "On The Street of Dreams". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 16, 2024. black middle-class area with growing Latino and Korean segments, plus a mix of Hungarians, Poles, Japanese, USC students and an increasing young professional and gay population.
^"The Guide to the Metro Expo Line". Discover Los Angeles. Retrieved December 24, 2023. Expo/Vermont - This station... in the West Adams district. Located in the West Adams district, the Expo/Western Station...
^ ab"South LA Neighborhood Councils". USC Annenberg Center. Retrieved March 16, 2024. United Neighborhoods Neighborhood Council (West Adams, Arlington Heights, Jefferson Park) - Empowerment Congress North Area Neighborhood Development Council (West Adams area)
^"Neighborhood Council Elections in West Adams"(PDF). West Adams Heritage Association. Retrieved March 17, 2024. Mid-City NC ("MINC" ) includes Lafayette Square, Victoria Park and Wellington Square
^"Ray Charles Foundation". theraycharlesfoundation.org. Retrieved December 23, 2023. The Ray Charles Memorial Library - 2107 W. Washington Boulevard.
^"Guasti Villa, West Adams". Calisphere.org. University of California. Retrieved July 8, 2024. In 1910, leading vintner Secondo Guasti commissioned Hudson & Munsell Architects to design the mansion in the Beaux Arts and Italian styles. In 1937, the home was purchased by Busby Berkeley, who turned the basement wine cellar into a film editing studio. Then in 1944, the Los Angeles Physicians Aid Association acquired the property as a retirement home.
^"Guasti Villa - Busby Berkley Estate". LACity.org. Historic Places Los Angeles. Retrieved July 8, 2024. neighborhood: West Adams Neighborhood (neighborhood)
^Bogle, Donald (2009). Bright Boulevards, Bold Dreams. Random House.
^Goodman, Michael J. (January 29, 1995). "For The Defense". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 7, 2025. Cochran was 6 when his family took the train to California. They moved into a three-bedroom, one-bath, wood-frame house in West Adams, a middle-class neighborhood when Cochran and his two sisters were growing up.
^"These Women". GoodReads.com. Retrieved December 24, 2023. In West Adams, a rapidly changing part of South Los Angeles, they're referred to as "these women."
^Gallegos, Emma (May 19, 2012). "Project Aims to Tell the "Untold" History of West Adams". LAist.com. Retrieved March 17, 2024. West Adams. Home to the greatest architectural treasure West of the Mississippi of Victorian, Queen Anne, Beaux Arts, Egyptian Revival, Mission and Craftsman homes, the stories of West Adams are just as wild as the houses.
The Sea WolfPoster filmSutradaraGeorge MelfordDitulis olehWill M. Ritchey (skenario)BerdasarkanThe Sea Wolfoleh Jack LondonPemeranNoah Beery, Sr.SinematograferPaul P. PerryDistributorParamount Pictures / ArtcraftTanggal rilis 16 Mei 1920 (1920-05-16) Durasi70 menitNegaraAmerika SerikatBahasaBisu (intertitel Inggris) The Sea Wolf adalah sebuah film drama Amerika Serikat tahun 1920 yang hilang[1] yang berdasarkan pada novel tahun 1904 karya Jack London, disutradarai oleh George Mel...
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