Warazan

Example of warazan at the Museum of Science, Tokyo University of Science
Instruction to use warazan to record the level of tax assessed, in the Yaeyama-jima Kuramoto Kujichō (1873 copy of the 1857 original); the fourth to sixth characters in the fifth line from the right read「わら算」(University of the Ryukyus Library)[1][2]

Warazan (藁算) was a system of record-keeping using knotted straw at the time of the Ryūkyū Kingdom.[3][4] In the Southern Ryukyuan languages of the Sakishima Islands it was known as barasan and on Okinawa Island as warazani or warazai.[5] Formerly used in particular in relation to the "head tax", it is still to be found in connection with the annual Itoman Giant Tug-of-War (糸満大綱引), to record the amount of miki or sacred sake dedicated.[1]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Warazan.

References

  1. ^ a b "The mathematics from Komonjo" (PDF). University of the Ryukyus Library. November 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  2. ^ 八重山島蔵元公事帳 [Administrative Guidelines Of Yaeyama Kuramoto] (in Japanese). University of the Ryukyus Library. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  3. ^ "Native Writing Systems in the Okinawan Islands" 沖縄諸島の土着書記体系の研究 (in Japanese and English). University of Tokyo. 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  4. ^ Sasaki Toshikazu. "A Study of Ryukyu Materials in the Collection of the National Museum of Ethnology". National Museum of Ethnology. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  5. ^ Miyata Yoshimi 宮田義美 (27 December 2014). 古代中国における計算の起源 [The Origins of Reckoning in Ancient China] (PDF). Reports of Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science, Tsuda University (in Japanese). Tsuda University: 358.

Read other articles:

Eutocius dari Ascalon

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2022. Eutocius dari Ascalon (Lahir tahun 480 – wafat tahun 540) merupakan seorang matematik berkebangsaan Yunani yang menulis komentar di dalam beberapa acuan Archimedes dan di dalam Apollonian Conics. Kehidupan dan Karya Tidak banyak yang diketahui tenta...

 

الدوري الفرنسي 1989–90

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (نوفمبر 2019) الدوري الفرنسي 1989–90 تفاصيل الموسم الدوري الفرنسي  النسخة 52  البلد فرنسا  التاريخ بداية:21 يوليو 198...

 

The Sheriff

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Sheriff. The SheriffSutradaraFatty ArbuckleDitulis olehFatty ArbucklePemeranFatty ArbuckleTanggal rilis24 November 1918Durasi18 menitNegaraAmerika SerikatBahasaAntarjudul Inggris The Sheriff film komedi pendek pada 1918 disutradarai dan bintangi oleh Fatty Arbuckle. Pemeran Roscoe 'Fatty' Arbuckle - Cook Betty Compson - School teacher Monty Banks - (as Mario Bianchi) Glen Cavender Lihat pula Fatty Arbuckle filmografi Pranala luar The Sheriff di IMDb (dalam bahasa In...

Savona Foot-Ball Club 1946-1947

Voce principale: Savona 1907 Foot-Ball Club. Questa voce sull'argomento stagioni delle società calcistiche italiane è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Savona Foot-Ball ClubStagione 1946-1947Sport calcio Squadra Savona Allenatore Rinaldo Roggero poi Virgilio Felice Levratto Presidente Isidoro Bonini Serie B21º posto nel girone A. Retrocesso in Serie C. Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Ca...

 

Footsteps (film)

2003 American television film FootstepsGenreThrillerBased onFootsteps by Ira LevinWritten byShelly EvansDirected byJohn BadhamStarringCandice BergenMichael MurphyBryan BrownBug HallMusic byChristopher FrankeCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishProductionProducersMark GordonGinny Jones-DuzakKen RaskoffCinematographyRon StannettEditorFrank MorrissRunning time95 minutesProduction companiesFox Television StudiosKen Raskoff ProductionsThe Mark Gordon CompanyOriginal releaseNetwork...

 

Magnesium glycinate

Magnesium glycinate Names IUPAC name Magnesium diglycinate Systematic IUPAC name Magnesium bis(aminoacetate) Identifiers CAS Number 14783-68-7 Y ECHA InfoCard 100.035.305 PubChem CID 84645 UNII IFN18A4Y6B Y CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID90163815 Properties Chemical formula C4H8MgN2O4 Molar mass 172.423 g·mol−1 Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N (what is YN ?...

1 Korintus 3

1 Korintus 3Halaman 79 pada Papirus 46 (~ tahun 200 M) yang memuat 1 Korintus 2:11-3:5. P. Mich Inv. 6238. University of Michigan.KitabSurat 1 KorintusKategoriSurat-surat PaulusBagian Alkitab KristenPerjanjian BaruUrutan dalamKitab Kristen7← pasal 2 pasal 4 → 1 Korintus 3 (atau I Korintus 3, disingkat 1Kor 3) adalah bagian surat rasul Paulus yang pertama kepada jemaat di Korintus dalam Perjanjian Baru di Alkitab Kristen.[1][2] Dikarang oleh rasul Paulus dan Sostene...

 

Ōimachi Station

Railway station in Tokyo, Japan JK19 OM01 R07Ōimachi Station大井町駅Ōimachi station Central ExitGeneral informationLocationShinagawa City, TokyoJapanOperated by JR EastTWR Tōkyū RailwaysLine(s) JK Keihin-Tōhoku Line OM Tokyu Oimachi Line R Rinkai Line Other informationStation codeJK19OM01R07HistoryOpened1914 Services Preceding station JR East Following station ŌmoriJK18towards Yokohama Keihin–Tōhoku LineRapidLocal ShinagawaSGWJK20towards Ōmiya Preceding station Tōkyū Railways ...

 

WEC 52

WEC MMA event in 2010 WEC 52: Faber vs. MizugakiThe poster for WEC 52: Faber vs. MizugakiInformationPromotionWorld Extreme CagefightingDateNovember 11, 2010VenueThe Pearl at The PalmsCity Paradise, NevadaEvent chronology WEC 51: Aldo vs. Gamburyan WEC 52: Faber vs. Mizugaki WEC 53: Henderson vs. Pettis WEC 52: Faber vs. Mizugaki was a mixed martial arts event held by World Extreme Cagefighting on November 11, 2010 at The Pearl at The Palms in Las Vegas.[1] Background Urijah Faber made...

Bintang Penegak Demokrasi

Bintang Penegak DemokrasiDianugerahkan oleh Presiden IndonesiaTipeBintang SipilDibentuk2009Negara IndonesiaKelayakanSipilStatusSaat ini dianugerahkanPemilik PertamaPresiden IndonesiaStatistikPenganugerahan pertama2009Penganugerahan terakhir2020PrioritasTingkat lebih tinggiBintang MahaputeraTingkat lebih rendahBintang Yudha DharmaSetingkatBintang JasaBintang KemanusiaanBintang Budaya Parama DharmaBintang GerilyaBintang SaktiBintang Dharma Bintang Penegak Demokrasi adalah tanda kehormatan ...

 

Fandral

Comic book character Comics character FandralFandral (left) as depicted in Thor vol. 3 #4 (November 2007). Art by Olivier Coipel.Publication informationPublisherMarvel ComicsFirst appearanceJourney into Mystery #119 (August 1965)Created byStan LeeJack KirbyIn-story informationFull nameFandralSpeciesAsgardianTeam affiliationsWarriors ThreeThor CorpsNotable aliasesFandral the DashingAbilitiesMaster swordsmanExcellent battlefield warriorSuperhuman strength, speed, agility, stamina, and durabilit...

 

2014 Washington wildfires

2014 Washington wildfiresThe Carlton Complex on July 21, 2014Statistics[1]Total fires1,480Total area386,972 acres (1,566 km2)ImpactsDeaths1Structures destroyed300Season2015 → The 2014 Washington wildfires were a series of 1,480 wildfires that burned 386,972 acres (1,566 km2) over the course of 2014.[1] The first occurred primarily on the east side of the Cascade Range in Chelan and Okanogan counties.[citation needed] The fires burned private land, sta...

Bitch Bad

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Bitch Bad – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 2012 single by Lupe FiascoBitch BadSingle by Lupe Fiascofrom the album Food & Liquor II: The Great American Rap Album Pt. 1 ReleasedJune 25, ...

 

Hansa (market)

Hansa MarketType of siteDarknet marketAvailable inEnglishURLhansamkt2rr6nfg3.onion (defunct)[1]CommercialYesRegistrationRequiredCurrent statusOffline Hansa was an online darknet market which operated on a hidden service of the Tor network. On July 20, 2017, it was revealed that it had been compromised by law enforcement for several weeks before closing shortly following AlphaBay as a culmination of multinational law enforcement cooperation in Operation Bayonet.[2] ...

 

Foam rubber

Rubber manufactured with a foaming agent Not to be confused with Foam latex. Foam rubber yoga mat Foam rubber (also known as cellular rubber, sponge rubber, or expanded rubber) refers to rubber that has been manufactured with a foaming agent to create an air-filled matrix structure. Commercial foam rubbers are generally made of synthetic rubber, natural latex or polyurethane. Latex foam rubber, used in mattresses, is well known for its endurance. Polyurethane is a thermosetting polymer that c...

Drum kit

Musical instrument This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Drum kit – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The drum kitBass drumFloor tomSnare drumRack tomHi-hatCrash cymbalRide cymbalSplash cymbalChina cymbal Not shown BongosRototomsOctob...

 

Universi Dominici Gregis

Bagian dari seri tentangHukum KanonikGereja Katolik Hukum Mutakhir Kitab Hukum Kanonik 1983 Omnium in mentem Kitab Hukum Kanon Gereja-Gereja Timur Ad tuendam fidem Ex Corde Ecclesiae Indulgentiarum Doctrina Pastor Bonus Pontificalis Domus Universi Dominici Gregis Consuetudo Sejarah Hukum Kitab Hukum Kanonik 1917 Corpus Iuris Canonici Dekretis Regulæ Iuris Decretales Gregorii IX Dekretalis Decretum Gratiani Extravagantes Liber Septimus Tata Tertib Gereja Purba Didakhe Konstitusi Apostolik Kan...

 

Elena Tsunaeva

Russian politician In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Moiseevna and the family name is Tsunaeva. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (February 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is acc...

エドゥアール・ラロ

エドゥアール・ラロÉdouard Lalo 基本情報生誕 (1823-01-27) 1823年1月27日出身地 フランス王国、リール死没 (1892-04-22) 1892年4月22日（69歳没） フランス共和国、パリジャンル クラシック音楽職業 作曲家、ヴァイオリンおよびヴィオラ奏者担当楽器 ヴァイオリン、ヴィオラ ポータル クラシック音楽 ヴィクトール・アントワーヌ・エドゥアール・ラロ（Victor Antoine Édouard Lalo, ...

 

Naisten Vaahteraliiga 2020

Naisten Vaahteraliiga 2020Naisten Vaahteraliiga Competizione Campionato finlandese di football americano Sport Football americano Edizione 23ª Organizzatore SAJL Date dal 25 luglio 2020al 5 settembre 2020 Luogo  Finlandia Partecipanti 4 Formula Girone e playoff Sede finale Leppävaaran urheilupuisto, Espoo Sito web http://www.sajl.org/selaus/otteluohjelma.php?sarja=6&kausi=2020 Risultati Vincitore  Helsinki Wolverines(4º titolo) Secondo  Tampere Saints Terzo ...