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Vipera dinniki
Conservation status
	; Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Viperidae
Genus:	Vipera
Species:	V. dinniki
Binomial name
	Vipera dinniki; Nikolsky, 1913
Synonyms
	Vipera berus dinniki ; Nikolsky, 1913; Coluber berus dinniki ; — Nikolsky, 1916; Vipera tigrina ; Zarevskij, 1917; Mesocoronis (Tzarevscya) tigrina; — A.F. Reuss, 1929; Vipera kaznakowi dinnicki [sic] ; Darevskij, 1956; Vipera kaznakowi orientalis ; Vedmederja, 1984; Vipera dinnicki ; — Vedmederja, Grubant & Rudajeva, 1986; Vipera dinniki ; — Orlov & Tuniyev, 1990;

Common names: Dinnik's viper, Caucasus subalpine viper.^[3]

Vipera dinniki is a viper species native to the Caucasus Mountains region, part of Russia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan.^[2] Like all other vipers, it is venomous. No subspecies are currently recognized.^[4]

Etymology

The specific name, dinniki, is in honor of Russian herpetologist Nikolai Yakovlevich Dinnik.^[5]^[6]

Description

Of the 49 Russian specimens of V. dinniki examined by Orlov and Tuniyev (1990), 29 were males, and the largest male measured 41.2 cm (16.2 in) in total length (including tail). Of the 20 females, the largest was 48.6 cm (19.1 in) in total length.^[3]

Geographic range

Vipera dinniki is found from Russia (Great Caucasus) and Georgia (high mountain basin of the Inguri River), eastward to Azerbaijan.

According to Nikolsky (1916), the type locality is "upper reaches of the Malaya Laba 8000 feet [2438 m] above sea level ... and Svanetia, 7000 feet [2134 m] above sea level." According to Nilson et al. (1995), Vedmederja et al. (1986) restricted the type locality to "Malaya Laba" through lectotype selection. Orlov and Tuniyev (1990) give the lectotype locality as "Upper reaches of the Mala (Small) Laba River, Northern Caucasus".^[2]

Habitat

The preferred natural habitats of V. dinniki are forest, shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas, at altitudes of 1,500–2,800 m (4,900–9,200 ft).^[1]

Reproduction

V. dinniki is viviparous. Mating occurs in April and May, and young are born in August and September. Litter size is 3–7 newborns.^[1]

Conservation status

This species, V. dinikki, is classified as vulnerable according to the IUCN with the following criteria: B1ab(iii,v) (v3.1, 2009).^[1] This indicates, that the population occupies a severely fragmented area over a range of less than 20,000 km² (7,772 mi ²). A continued decline in habitat size or quality and in population is expected.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Tuniyev B, Nilson G, Agasyan A, Orlov N [in French], Tuniyev S (2009). "Vipera dinniki ". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009. Retrieved 2015-02-21.{{cite iucn}}: old-form url (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré TA (1999). Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
^ ^a ^b Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G (2003). True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2.
^ "Vipera dinniki". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 17 August 2006.
^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Vipera dinniki, p. 73).
^ Lescure, Jean; Le Garff, Bernard (2006). L'étymologie des noms d'amphibiens et de reptiles d'Europe. Paris: Éditions Belin. 207 pp. ISBN 2-7011-4142-7. (in French).
^ 2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1) at the IUCN Red List. Accessed 21 February 2015.