Verre églomisé

A verre églomisé profile miniature (c. 1800), National Museum in Warsaw

Verre églomisé [vɛʁ e.ɡlɔ.mi.ze] is a French term referring to the process of applying both a design and gilding onto the rear face of glass to produce a mirror finish. The name is derived from the 18th-century French decorator and art-dealer Jean-Baptiste Glomy[1] (1711–1786), who was responsible for its revival.

Glomy's technique was a relatively simple one of applying decorative designs in a combination of plain colour and gilding, usually to glass picture frames. However, over time it has come to be used to describe nearly any process involving back-painted and gilded glass, however elaborate.[2]

The technique of back-painting glass actually dates back to pre-Roman eras. One of the key historical periods of the art was in Italy during the 13th to 16th centuries. Small panels of glass with designs formed by engraved gilding were applied to reliquaries and portable altars. The method used is described by Cennino Cennini.[3] Other practitioners include Jonas Zeuner and Hans Jakob Sprungli (1559–1637).

It has also been used throughout Europe since the 15th century, appearing in paintings, furniture, drinking glasses and similar vessels, and jewellery. It is also often seen in the form of decorative panels of mirrors, clock faces, and in more recent history, as window signs and advertising mirrors.

The technique was explored by the Blue Rider group of artists in the 1920s who turned what had been a folk art into fine art. Indeed, artists of the caliber of Kandinsky, Marc, Klee and Gabriele Münter produced glass paintings.[4] there are very few artists using the technique as a fine art - the Irish artist Yanny Petters is one of them. However, as part of the renaissance in traditional techniques, there are various commercial artists who use this technique.

In the gilding process, the silver, gold or other metal leaf is fixed using a gelatin adhesive which, after steaming, results in a mirror-like, reflective finish. The design can be applied by various techniques, often by reverse painting prior to gilding, or by engraving the design into the gilded layer, or even into the glass. When painting an elaborate design such as a flower, the artist's natural methodology is reversed, with highlights applied first and the background applied last.

The metal leaf may also be applied using oil-based adhesives (goldsize varnish) to achieve a matte finish. It is to be distinguished from "sandwiched" gold glass where gold leaf is glued to a piece of glass, and often then scraped off to form a design, and a further layer of hot glass is then applied on top and fused to seal the gold inside.

In recent years, the term Verre Églomisé has also been used to describe gilded and distressed mirrors which have no actual design or pattern applied, but this is taking it a further step away from its source. A better term for these would be "Distressed Hand-Gilded Mirror".

References

  1. ^ "Verre églomisé | glass". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  2. ^ Davison, Sandra; Newton, R. G. (2008-05-09). Conservation and Restoration of Glass. Routledge. ISBN 9781136415517.
  3. ^ "Notebook". www.noteaccess.com.
  4. ^ "Blue Rider, 1909 by Wassily Kandinsky". www.wassily-kandinsky.org.

Read other articles:

Prasasti loh tanah liat berisi perjanjian antara raja Alaksandu dengan Muwatalli. Sekarang disimpan di Museum Troya, Turki. Alaksandu (bahasa Het: 𒀀𒆷𒀝𒊭𒀭𒁺𒍑, translit. Alâkšândûš), juga dieja sebagai Alakasandu atau Alaksandus, adalah seorang raja Wilusa yang menyetujui sebuah perjanjian dengan seorang raja Het bernama Muwatalli II, sekitar tahun 1280 SM.[1] Perjanjian ini menyiratkan bahwa Alaksandu sebelumnya juga telah membuat perjanjian dengan ayah...

 

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Kode emiten – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTORMesin ticker telegraf saham oleh Thomas Alva Edison Kode emiten adalah singkatan yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi secara unik saham ter...

 

Hubungan Bhutan–Jepang Bhutan Jepang Hubungan Bhutan–Jepang merujuk kepada hubungan diplomatik antara Bhutan dan Jepang. Hubungan diplomatik tersebut didirikan pada 28 Maret 1986.[1] Misi diplomatik Jepang memiliki sebuah kedutaan besar non-residen untuk Bhutan di New Delhi, India. Jepang berencana membuka sebuah kedutaan besar residen di Thimpu pada April 2014. Salah satu sebab membuka sebuah kedutaan residen di Bhutan adalah menangkis pengaruh Tiongkok di kawasan tersebut; namu...

Astragalus nuttallii Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae (tanpa takson): Angiospermae (tanpa takson): Eudicots (tanpa takson): Rosids Ordo: Fabales Famili: Fabaceae Genus: Astragalus Spesies: Astragalus nuttallii Nama binomial Astragalus nuttallii(Torr. & A.Gray) J.T.Howell Astragalus nuttallii adalah spesies tumbuhan yang tergolong ke dalam famili Fabaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Fabales. Spesies Astragalus nuttallii sendiri merupakan bagian dari genus Astragalus.&...

 

Cet article est une ébauche concernant l’anatomie. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Nerf périnéalDétailsBranche de Nerf pudendalInnerve Muscle transverse profond du périnée (en), muscle transverse superficiel du périnée (en), muscle bulbo-spongieux, Muscle ischio-caverneuxIdentifiantsNom latin Nn. perinealesTA98 A14.2.07.039TA2 6556FMA 21866modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata...

 

Jozo Šimunović Nazionalità  Croazia Bosnia ed Erzegovina Altezza 191 cm Peso 81 kg Calcio Ruolo Difensore Squadra svincolato Carriera Giovanili  Hrvatski Dragovoljac2006-2013 Dinamo Zagabria Squadre di club1 2012-2015 Dinamo Zagabria52 (3)2015-2020 Celtic75 (5)2021-2022 HNK Gorica8 (0) Nazionale 2009 Croazia U-163 (0)2009-2013 Croazia U-1720 (1)2011 Croazia U-181 (0)2011-2012 Croazia U-1910 (0)2013 Croazia U-205 (0)2013-2015 Croazia U-219 (1) 1 I due num...

Atollo MidwayMidway AtollPihemanuGeografia fisicaLocalizzazioneOceano Pacifico Coordinate28°13′N 177°22′W / 28.216667°N 177.366667°W28.216667; -177.366667Coordinate: 28°13′N 177°22′W / 28.216667°N 177.366667°W28.216667; -177.366667 Superficie5,2 km² Geografia politicaStato Stati Uniti Fuso orarioUTC-11 Cartografia Atollo Midway voci di isole degli Stati Uniti d'America presenti su Wikipedia L'atollo di Midway (noto anche come isola di ...

 

1924 film by James W. Horne American MannersDirected byJames W. HorneWritten byFrank Howard ClarkJoseph Farnham (intertitles)Produced byRichard Talmadge ProductionsA. CarlosStarringRichard TalmadgeCinematographyWilliam MarshallJack StevensProductioncompanyTruart Film CorporationDistributed byFilm Booking Offices of AmericaRelease date August 24, 1924 (1924-08-24) Running time6 reelsCountryUnited StatesLanguagesSilentEnglish intertitles American Manners is a 1924 American silent...

 

Austrian dramatic, painter and writer (1886–1980) Oskar Kokoshka redirects here. For the Hey Arnold! character, see List of Hey Arnold! characters § Sunset Arms boarders. Oskar KokoschkaCBEOskar Kokoschka in 1963, by Erling MandelmannBorn(1886-03-01)1 March 1886Pöchlarn, Austria-HungaryDied22 February 1980(1980-02-22) (aged 93)Montreux, SwitzerlandNationalityAustrianCzechoslovakBritishKnown forPainting, printmaking, poetry, play writingMovementExpressionism Oskar Kokoschka ...

Bourbach-le-Hautcomune Bourbach-le-Haut – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Francia RegioneGrand Est Dipartimento Alto Reno ArrondissementThann CantoneCernay AmministrazioneSindacoJoël Mansuy TerritorioCoordinate47°48′N 7°02′E / 47.8°N 7.033333°E47.8; 7.033333 (Bourbach-le-Haut)Coordinate: 47°48′N 7°02′E / 47.8°N 7.033333°E47.8; 7.033333 (Bourbach-le-Haut) Superficie6,95 km² Abitanti415[1] (2020) Densità59,71 ab./km² Co...

 

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会波兰代表團波兰国旗IOC編碼POLNOC波蘭奧林匹克委員會網站olimpijski.pl(英文)(波兰文)2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会(東京)2021年7月23日至8月8日(受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟,但仍保留原定名称)運動員206參賽項目24个大项旗手开幕式:帕维尔·科热尼奥夫斯基(游泳)和马娅·沃什乔夫斯卡(自行车)[1]闭幕式:卡罗利娜·纳亚(皮划艇)&#...

 

Частина серії проФілософіяLeft to right: Plato, Kant, Nietzsche, Buddha, Confucius, AverroesПлатонКантНіцшеБуддаКонфуційАверроес Філософи Епістемологи Естетики Етики Логіки Метафізики Соціально-політичні філософи Традиції Аналітична Арістотелівська Африканська Близькосхідна іранська Буддій�...

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Gucci – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Logo Gucci Gucci merupakan perusahaan peragam busana Italia. Perusahaan ini dibuat oleh Guccio Gucci (1881-1953) di Firenze pada tahun 1921. Seja...

 

اتش ام فيالشعارمعلومات عامةالبلد  المملكة المتحدة التأسيس 1921 النوع عمل تجاري — مؤسسة التجارة التقليدية — سلسلة متاجر — شركة تسجيلات المقر الرئيسي لندن موقع الويب hmv.com أهم الشخصياتالمالك Sunrise Records (en) (2019 – ) تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات «اتش ام في» - فرع شارع أكس...

 

Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Daerah Kabupaten Sarolangun (KKPD Kabupaten Sarolangun) adalah kawasan konservasi perairan daerah yang ada di Jambi, Indonesia. Dalam pembagian administratif Indonesia, KKPD Kabupaten Sarolangun merupakan bagian dari Kabupaten Sarolangun. Nama lainnya adalah Kawasan Suaka Perikanan Arwana Kuntur Kabupaten Sarolangun. Penetapannya berdasarkan kepada Surat Keputusan Bupati Sarolangun Nomor Nomor 81 Tahun 2011. Luas kawasan KKPD Kabupaten Sarolangun adalah 28 Hektare....

此條目没有列出任何参考或来源。 (2018年1月29日)維基百科所有的內容都應該可供查證。请协助補充可靠来源以改善这篇条目。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。 阿昆島的玄武岩海溶洞 阿昆島是美國的島嶼,位於太平洋海域,屬於福克斯群島的一部分,由阿拉斯加州負責管轄,長22.57公里、寬18.2公里,面積166.77平方公里,最高點海拔高度818米,島上無人居住。 5...

 

Canadian ice hockey player Ice hockey player Metro Prystai Born (1927-11-07)November 7, 1927Yorkton, Saskatchewan, CanadaDied October 8, 2013(2013-10-08) (aged 85)Wynyard, Saskatchewan, CanadaHeight 5 ft 9 in (175 cm)Weight 170 lb (77 kg; 12 st 2 lb)Position CentreShot LeftPlayed for Chicago Black HawksDetroit Red WingsPlaying career 1947–1958 Dmytro Metro Prystai (Ukrainian: Дмитро Пристай, November 7, 1927 – October 8, 2013) was a...

 

Maillot rougeJersey rojo (es) Généralités Sport Cyclisme sur route Création 1935 Éditions 78 (en 2023) Catégorie Vainqueur du classement général Type / Format Par étapes Lieu(x) Espagne Directeur Tour d'Espagne Palmarès Tenant du titre Sepp Kuss Plus titré(s) Roberto Heras (4 victoires) modifier De 1999 à 2009, le « maillot de oro » récompensait le leader du général Le classement général du Tour d'Espagne est le principal classement du Tour d'Espagne cycliste. Le...

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Neruda. Pablo Neruda Pablo Neruda en 1963. Données clés Nom de naissance Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto Naissance 12 juillet 1904 Parral (Chili) Décès 23 septembre 1973 (à 69 ans) Santiago (Chili) Activité principale Poète, écrivain, diplomate, personnalité politique Distinctions Prix national de littérature (1945)Prix Nobel de littérature (1971)Soirées poétiques de Struga (1972) Auteur Langue d’écriture Espagnol Mouvement Mode...

 

RicattoPoster USA del filmTitolo originaleBlackmail Lingua originaleinglese Paese di produzioneRegno Unito Anno1929 Durata81 min Dati tecniciB/Nrapporto: 1,20:1 Generedrammatico, thriller RegiaAlfred Hitchcock Soggettodalla commedia di Charles Bennett SceneggiaturaBenn W. Levy, Alfred HitchcockMichael Powell (non accreditato) ProduttoreJohn Maxwell (non accreditato) Casa di produzioneBritish International Pictures (BIP) FotografiaJack E. CoxRonald Neame, Michael Powell, Derick Williams (a...