Endothelin is a potent vasoconstrictive peptide originally isolated from the supernatant of cultured porcine endothelial cells. *

• Yanagisawa M, Kurihawa H, Kimura S, Tomobe Y, Kobayashi M, Mitsui Y, et al. A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature 1988;332:411-415.)

^{There Are Thought Provoking Research Papers On The Issue Of Endothelin Since Its Discovery In 1988. Understanding How Knowledge About The Endothelin's Involvement In Different Diseases Is Created, How Thoughts On The ComPlex Mechanisms In Its Actions Build Upon Previous Thoughts By Scientists, How The Written Language Of All Endothelin Researchers Has Given Rise And Perpetuates Tendencies Of Students And Young Physicians, We Can Claim That These Are A Few Of The Noble Ends of Progress For Findings Of Today's Medicine And Biology. You Must Believe That There Are Truely A Phenomenal Amount Of Research Have Been Conducted Regarding The Importance Of ET-1 In Athersoclerosis}

What means a peptide?

Simply If you know that amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and they have the amine and carboxylic acid functional groups, then it will be easy for you to understand that these functional groups of amino acids of a protein are able to join together and to form amide bonds. Now you must know that a chain of amino acid units is called a peptide.

By: Abbas Nurrolllahi Diba

Smoking is known to induce a variety of effects in the cardiovascular and hormonal systems in humans.

Ball K, Turner R. Smoking and the heart: the basis for action. Lancet 1974;ii:822–6.

Kannel WB, McGee DL, Castelli WP. Latest perspectives on cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: the Framingham Study. J Card Rehabil 1984;4:267-277.

Kannel WB, D’Agostino RB, Belanger AJ. Fibrinogen, cigarette smoking and risk of cardiovascular disease: insights from the Framingham Study. Am Heart J 1987;113:1006-1010.

McGill HC. The cardiovascular pathology of smoking. Am Heart J 1988;115:250-257.

Cryer PE, Haymond MW, Santiago JV, Shah SD. Norepinephrine and epinephrine release and adrenergic mediation of smoking-associated hemodynamic and metabolic events. N Engl J Med 1976;295:573-577

Baer L, Radichevic I. Cigarette smoking in hypertensive patients—blood pressure and endocrine responses. Am J Med 1985;78:564-568.

Believe you or not, the fact of the matter is, any administration of nicotine becomes a driving force, which is incredible in its scale and leads to the release of some hormones and produces increases in blood pressure.

Cryer PE, Haymond MW, Santiago JV, Shah SD. Norepinephrine and epinephrine release and adrenergic mediation of smoking-associated hemodynamic and metabolic events. N Engl J Med 1976;295:573-577

Baer L, Radichevic I. Cigarette smoking in hypertensive patients—blood pressure and endocrine responses. Am J Med 1985;78:564-568.

The power of nicotine is not like the symphony of Beethoven to be harmonic and lovely or to be equal to the power of love's song (Jennifer Rush and Celine Dion!!!); it is catastrophic. Can you imagine? It really produces increases in blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and oxygen consumption.

Achtung !!! The News About The Heavy Cigarette Smokers: You Have A Higher Plasma ET-1 Concentration.

Yildiz et al. and also T. Haak et al had the opportunity to study the behaviour of the heavy smokers. They showed that heavy cigarette smokers had higher plasma ET-1 concentrations than either light smokers or controls. T. Haak et al. stated that after a short-term tobacco consumption the plasma concentrations of ET-1 significantly increased within 10 min of smoking.

Imagine ! Imagine About The Elevated ET-1 After Smoking And Getting High Blood Pressure!!

^{Imagination About The Elevated ET-1!!! THis Imagination IS Not From Good One Because ET-1's Imagination Show Lots Of Bad Effects.The Imagination About The High ET-1 Levels Means The Increase Smooth Muscle Growth In The Artery And Heart. This Means What? Means A Lot: Namely, It Leads To Ventricular Hypertrophy, Which Increases Risk Of Heart Failure And Sudden Death}.

Watch Your Steps, Watch Your Minds, Watch Your ET-1 Levels

^{We Need To Know More About This Peptide, Which Was Discovered in Tsukuba Of Japan From Masashi Yanagisawa et al. Scientists Calim That ET-1 Increases The Rate Of Atherosclerosis Of The Renal Arteries. It Seems To Be Dangerous. Atherosclerosis and ET-1? What More? ET Decreases Blood Flow To The Kidneys. What Is MOre About ET? It Raises Blood Pressure In The Glomeruli (kidney cells). What Is More About This 21 Amino Acid Peptide? It Decreases Kidney Function. What? It Decreases Kidney Function? ET-1 Can Raises The Levels of TNFα. Finally, Can You Say What More This Peptide Can Do? Yes, ET-1 Increases Pulmonary Hypertension. With All Things, I Believe, We Are Afraid From The High Levels Of ET-1. People Must Give Up The Bad Habit Of Smoking. People Must Manage Their Stress. They Need To Know Smoking Cigaretts Increases The ET-1 Concentration And Invreases Blood Pressure And Consequently Can Lead To Stroke, Heart Attack And Kidney Diseases.}

Hypertension Is A Silent Killer. It Causes Heart Attack, Stroke, Kidney Damages and ...

Endothelin & Cigarettes Are Increasing The Blood Pressure

Endothelin is a peptide with 21 amino acids. The studies have shown that this peptide can cause hypertension ( a silent killer). The high blood pressure can damage the endothelial cells of the blood vessels. It can cause heart and vascular diseases. Also those people who are smoking, show an increase in Endothelin concenteration. We can easily undersatand that, its is a link between Endothelin, Cigarettes and the damages to our blood vessels. We need to focus on our ET concentrations and we need to give up smoking.

The Reality Show In Endothelin Television Is:

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Many Scientists Are Researching This Masashi Yanagiswa et al's Peptide. They Focus Profoundly On Its Involvement in Many Diseases, Including Different Cancers Such As Breast Cancer And Specifically Prostate Cancers.

Endothelin & Its Involvement In Cancers