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The Mahler Confusion

Ives himself mentions Mahler exactly twice in his Memos, once in passing regarding attending a concert Mahler conducted[1], and then, equally casually, regarding the Third Symphony. Ives states "When [the Third Symphony] was being copied in, I think, Tams's office, Gustav Mahler saw it and asked to have a copy—he was quite interested in it."[2]. In a footnote to a different section of the Memos, the editor and Ives scholar John Kirkpatrick adds that "The Tams score of 1911 is clearly 'the final score, now lost' —which Gustav Mahler (conductor of the New York Philharmonic 1909-11) took back to Germany in 1911, shortly before he died."[3] Kirkpatrick provides no further information about this assertion, and Ives makes no mention of ever having met Mahler personally.

In the first full-length biography of Ives, published in 1955 by composer and musicologist Henry Cowell and his wife Sidney, there is also a footnote regarding Mahler. In a section discussing conductors who had seen Ives's music prior to 1932, the Cowells state "One of these was Gustav Mahler, who told Ives he would play the Third Symphony in Europe. But Mahler died before this intention could be carried out, and this score, too, was lost."[4] Like Kirkpatrick, the Cowells provide no evidence for their claim, or for the implied assertion that Mahler ever met Ives.

In his problematic[5], anecdotal[6], and completely unreferenced[7] 1974 biography of Ives, the British composer and conductor David Wooldridge first states "((This is the version used in the published edition, after the revised 1909 edition, copied by Tams in 1910, disappeared to Europe with Gustav Mahler—another, later, longer story . . . ))"[8]. Later in the biography, Wooldridge mentions meeting a Bavarian percussionist in 1954 who claimed to have played the symphony under Mahler in Munich during the summer of 1910[9]. In his review of the biography, John Kirkpatrick goes to some length to refute many of the more egregious claims made by Wooldridge[5], and other reviewers and scholars have since concluded that overall, Wooldridge's biography is unreliable[7][10][11][12].

The idea that Mahler possessed a score, intended to perform it - or even actually performed it - cannot be stated with any certainty given the information available.

  1. ^ Ives, Charles; Kirkpatrick, John (1972). Memos (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton and Co. p. 137.
  2. ^ Ives, Charles; Kirkpatrick, John (1972). Memos (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton and Co. p. 121.
  3. ^ Ives, Charles; Kirkpatrick, John (1972). Memos (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton and Co. p. 55.
  4. ^ Cowell, Henry; Robertson Cowell, Sidney (1955). Charles Ives and his Music. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 131.
  5. ^ a b Kirkpatrick, John (September 1974). "Book Reviews: From the Steeples and the Mountains" (PDF). High Fidelity / Musical America: MA-33 – MA-36. Retrieved 31 January 2026.
  6. ^ Dickinson, Peter (November 1976). "Controversial Ives". The Musical Times. 117 (1606): 910–911. doi:10.2307/958388. JSTOR 958388.
  7. ^ a b Sherwood-Magee, Gayle (2010). Charles Ives: A Research and Information Guide (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-0-203-89050-9.
  8. ^ Wooldridge, David (1974). From the Steeples and the Mountains: A Study of Charles Ives (1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 121. ISBN 0-394-48110-0.
  9. ^ Wooldridge, David (1974). From the Steeples and the Mountains: A Study of Charles Ives (1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 150–151. ISBN 0-394-48110-0.
  10. ^ Siegmeister, Elie (December 1974). "From the Steeples and the Mountains; Review". Notes. 31 (2): 291–293. JSTOR 897129.
  11. ^ Tilmouth, Michael (April 1976). "Review". Music & Letters. 57 (2): 173–175. JSTOR 734988.
  12. ^ Swafford, Jan (1996). Charles Ives: A Life with Music (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Co. p. 471. ISBN 0-393-03893-9.

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