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Uraeotyphlus
	Uraeotyphlus narayani
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Gymnophiona
Clade:	Apoda
Family:	Ichthyophiidae
Genus:	Uraeotyphlus; W. Peters, 1879
Species
	Uraeotyphlus gansi; Uraeotyphlus interruptus; Uraeotyphlus malabaricus; Uraeotyphlus menoni; Uraeotyphlus narayani; Uraeotyphlus oommeni; Uraeotyphlus oxyurus;

Uraeotyphlus is a genus of caecilians in the family Ichthyophiidae.^[1]^[2]^[3] There are seven species in this genus, all of which are endemic to the Western Ghats of southwestern India.^[1] Previously, the genus has also been placed in its own monotypic family Uraeotyphlidae.^[4]^[5]

Description

Uraeotyphlus are relatively small sized caecilians ranging from 23 centimetres (9.1 in) to 35 centimetres (14 in) in length. Unlike the more 'advanced' caecilians, members of this genus have a true tail with vertebrae, and their skull has a relatively complex structure. However, unlike the more 'primitive' caecilians, the mouth is recessed below the snout, there are no tertiary annuli, and the tentacular opening are far forward of the eyes, and below the nostril.^[6]

The pattern of annulation among species of Uraeotyphlus falls into two clear types based on the differentiation of primary and higher-order annuli, and the number of annular divisions per vertebra and whether this varies along the body. This difference is reflected in the recognition of U. oxyurus group (U. interruptus, U. menoni, U. narayani, U. oxyurus) and the U. malabaricus group (U. malabaricus and U. oommeni).^[5]

Ecology and reproduction

They are burrowing animals, which lay eggs that hatch into free-living larvae.^[6]^[3]

Species

The genus contains seven species:^[1]^[2]

Uraeotyphlus gansi Gower, Rajendran, Nussbaum, and Wilkinson, 2008
Uraeotyphlus interruptus Pillai and Ravichandran, 1999
Uraeotyphlus malabaricus (Beddome, 1870)
Uraeotyphlus menoni Annandale, 1913
Uraeotyphlus narayani Seshachar, 1939
Uraeotyphlus oommeni Gower and Wilkinson, 2007
Uraeotyphlus oxyurus (Duméril and Bibron, 1841)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Uraeotyphlus Peters, 1880". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Ichthyophiidae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
^ ^a ^b Vitt, Laurie J. & Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. pp. 449–450.
^ Nussbaum, Ronald A.; Wilkinson, Mark (1989). "On the classification and phylogeny of caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), a critical review". Herpetological Monographs. 3: 1–42. doi:10.2307/1466984. JSTOR 1466984.
^ ^a ^b Gower, David J. & Wilkinson, Mark (2007). "Species groups in the Indian caecilian genus Uraeotyphlus Peters (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Uraeotyphlidae), with the description of a new species" (PDF). Herpetologica. 63 (3): 401–410. doi:10.1655/0018-0831(2007)63[401:SGITIC]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 4497972. S2CID 85588420.
^ ^a ^b Nussbaum, Ronald A. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 55–56. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.