Ulmus glabra 'Superba'

Ulmus glabra 'Superba'
'Superba', Mount Hope, Rochester, New York, c.1900
SpeciesUlmus glabra
Cultivar'Superba'
OriginEngland

The wych elm cultivar Ulmus glabra Huds. 'Superba', Blandford Elm, with unusually large leaves, was raised by Gill's of Blandford Forum, Dorset, in the early 1840s as Ulmus montana superba and was quickly distributed to other UK nurseries.[1] It was confirmed as a form of wych, and first described by Lindley in The Gardeners' Chronicle, 1845,[2] later descriptions being added by Gill (1845)[1] and Morren (1848), who called it U. montana var. superba. Morren had adopted the name 'Superba' from the Fulham nurseryman Osborne in 1844, who supplied him with the tree – presumably one of the nurseries supplied by Gill.[3] Morren states that 'Superba', already in cultivation in England, was introduced to Belgium by Denis Henrard of Saint Walburge, Liège, that in 1848 it had been present in Belgium for only three years,[3] and that this variety was the one described as 'Superba' by Osborne, whom Henrard had visited at his nursery in Fulham in September 1844.[4] 'Blandford Elm', with leaves of the same dimensions, was soon for sale in the USA (see 'Cultivation').

The Späth nursery in Berlin supplied a large-leaved[5] U. montana superba from 1885[6] to the 1930s.[5][7] H. Jensen[note 1] examined the tree at Späth's nursery and confirmed (1912) that it was identical to Morren's Ulmus montana superba.[8] Späth's catalogue of 1911–12, however, had erroneously claimed that a U. praestans E. Schoch was synonymous with Morren's U. montana superba.[9] Hartwig, who received specimens of U. praestans from Kiessling of the Magdeburg city nursery in 1908, said (1912) that "Ulmus montana superba, supposedly the same [as U. praestans], looks quite different when young, being wide with large, broad, dull green leaves, whereas ... U. praestans show an elongated medium-sized shiny green leaf and densely pyramidal crown". He concluded that U. praestans was not Ulmus montana superba.[10] Späth admitted the error in an article in Möller's Deutsche Gärtner-Zeitung (1912),[11] where he stated that U. praestans E. Schoch was an Ulmus × hollandica hybrid, and implied that Morren's tree was a form of U. montana (wych elm). In later catalogues the nursery distinguished between Morren's Ulmus montana superba and the hybrid U. praestans E. Schoch (for which he adopted Henry's synonym Ulmus superba Henry), marketing both cultivars in the post-war period.[7]

Späth was not the only botanist to confuse wych and hybrid 'Superba'. Though Loudon in his description (1838) of Canterbury Elm, Ulmus montana glabra major, had made no reference to large leaves,[12][13] Boulger tentatively (1881)[14] and Green more confidently (1964)[15] equated Canterbury Elm with Morren's U. montana var. superba, a synonym not included in Rehder's lists (1915 & 1949).[16][17] Loudon's description of Canterbury Elm, a fast-growing hybrid like Huntingdon Elm, holding its leaves late, does, however, match descriptions of U. × hollandica 'Superba' [U. praestans].

Description

Descriptions of 'Superba' cultivars vary, as do herbarium specimens, confirming that more than one clone has been given the name. Gill's Ulmus montana superba had very large leaves, 10 in (25 cm) long by 6 in (15 cm) wide.[1] Osborne and Morren's Ulmus montana var. superba likewise had very large wych-like leaves, to 26 by 15 cm, with a tapering tip to 3–4 cm long.[4] The matching names, measurements and dates confirm that Gill's, and Osborne and Morren's, trees were the same clone. An 1880 herbarium specimen showing a large-leaved wych cultivar at Kew Gardens, labelled U. montana superba, has dimensions similar to those given by Gill and Morren (juvenile elm leaves may be larger than those of mature canopy-leaves).[herb 1] The Ulmus 'Superba', 'Blandford Elm', in the 1902 catalogue of the Bobbink and Atkins nursery, Rutherford, New Jersey, was described as "a noble tree of large size and quick growth", with "large dark green foliage and smooth, grayish bark" (presumably in young specimens).[18]

Etymology

Morren states that 'Superba' was so called "parce qu'en effet cette variété l'emporte sur les autres par sa beauté" [:because indeed this variety surpasses others in beauty].[3]

Pests and diseases

With the exception of Exeter Elm and dwarf wych, U. glabra Huds. cultivars are not noted for any resistance to Dutch elm disease.

Cultivation

An 1880 Kew Gardens herbarium specimen, from one of the arboretum's own trees, labelled U. montana var. Superba and matching Lindley's description, confirms that Gill's tree was present at Kew (see 'External links'). Mid 20th-century herbarium specimens from the Wageningen Aboretum, The Netherlands, show a wych cultivar there "formerly labelled Ulmus × hollandica 'Superba'".[herb 2][herb 3][herb 4]

Ulmus montana superba, 'The superb-leaved elm', appeared in the catalogues of Hovey's nursery of Boston, Massachusetts, from the 1850s.[19] 'Blan[d]ford Elm (superba)', with "remarkably large leaves", appeared in the 1868 catalogue of the Mount Hope Nursery (also known as Ellwanger and Barry) of Rochester, New York;[20][21] by the 1880 catalogue it was listed as U. montana var. superba (Blandford Elm), "A noble tree of large size and quick growth; foliage large and dark green; bark smooth and grayish".[22] Under the same name and description it appeared in the catalogues of the Bobbink and Atkins nursery, Rutherford, New Jersey,[18][23] and in Kelsey's 1904 catalogue, New York.[24] The absence of Späth's names from the Bobbink and Atkins and the Kelsey lists and their use of 'Blandford Elm' suggest that the cultivar was Gill's clone.

A cultivar listed in 2008 as Ulmus × hollandica 'Blandford' by the Urban Forestry Administration of the District Department of Transportation in Washington, D.C., as one of its 'street trees', is likely to have been Blandford Elm misnamed as a hybrid, or hybrid 'Superba' misnamed 'Blandford'.[25]

Given Späth's pre-1912 naming error, it is not clear whether one planting of U. montana superba at the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Canada, in 1896, sourced from Späth,[26] was the wych or the hybrid 'Superba'. The specimen (no. 42304) maintained as part of a low hedge at Wakehurst Place, Sussex (2020), grown from a cutting from Ottawa donated in 1949, is, however, listed as the hybrid 'Superba',[27] suggesting that 1896 Ottawa planting may likewise have been the hybrid.

Notable trees

A large-leaved elm described as Ulmus campestris 'Superba' obtained from Louis van Houtte of Ghent, Belgium, before 1841 was photographed at the Ellwanger and Barry nursery at Mount Hope, Rochester, New York, c. 1900.[28] The photograph is also captioned 'Belgium Elm', possibly a reference to its source rather than a confusion with the hybrid 'Belgica'.[28] As the nursery later stocked the wych 'Superba', Blandford Elm, it is probable that propagation was from this tree.[20] Arnold Arboretum identified it in 1915 as a varietal form of Ulmus glabra Huds., which would match Blandford Elm, despite the apparent discrepancy in dates.[29]

Putative specimens in the UK

An old example of what appears to be the same clone as the 1880 Kew large-leaved 'Superba' survives (2019) on Leith Links, Edinburgh. The Edinburgh tree has wych samarae and short petioles, with no evidence of hybridization.

Notes

  1. ^ Possibly Holger Jensen, after whom 'Holgeri' was named.

Herbarium Specimens

  1. ^ "Herbarium specimen - E00824742". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Sheet described as U. montana var. superba (Kew Gardens specimen, 1880)
  2. ^ "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1846734". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled Ulmus glabra Huds., formerly called 'Superba'
  3. ^ "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1846731". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled Ulmus glabra Huds., formerly called 'Superba'
  4. ^ "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1846732". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled Ulmus glabra Huds., formerly called 'Superba' (with samarae)

References

  1. ^ a b c "New and splendid ornamental elm - Ulmus montana superba". The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette: 670. 1845.
  2. ^ Lindley, J., 'The Elm', The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, 13 September 1845, p.628, col.3
  3. ^ a b c d Morren, Charles (1848). "Notice sur l'Orme des montagnes". Journal d'Agriculture Pratique de Belgique. 1 (1): 411–414. Retrieved 2017-02-21.
  4. ^ a b Henrard, D. (1845). Morren, Charles (ed.). "Sur un voyage fait en Engleterre et en Écosse". Annales de la Société royale d'agriculture et de botanique de Gand. 1: 155–168. Retrieved 2017-02-22.
  5. ^ a b Katalog (PDF). Vol. 108. Berlin, Germany: L. Späth Baumschulenweg. 1902–1903. pp. 132–133.
  6. ^ Elwes, Henry John; Henry, Augustine (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. 7. pp. 1873–1874. Republished 2004 Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781108069380
  7. ^ a b Späth, Ludwig (1930). Späth-Buch, 1720-1930. Berlin: Self published. pp. 311–313, 351–352.
  8. ^ Beissner, Ludwig (1912). "Ulmus praestans". Mitteilungen der Deutschen Dendrologischen Gesellschaft. 21: 227.
  9. ^ Späth catalogue 1911/12, p.137
  10. ^ Hartwig, Karl Gustav (1913). "Ulmus praestans". Mitteilungen der Deutschen Dendrologischen Gesellschaft. 22: 302.
  11. ^ Spath, L (1912). "Ulmus praestans = U. montana superba". Möllers Deutsche Gärtner-Zeitung. 27 (15): 177. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  12. ^ Loudon, John Claudius (1838). Arboretum et fruticetum Britannicum. Vol. 3. p. 1404.
  13. ^ Hanham, F. (1857). A Manual for the Park (Royal Victoria Park, Bath). Longman, London.
  14. ^ Boulger, George Simonds (1881). McLaren, John (ed.). "On British Elms". Transactions of the Royal Scottish Arboricultural Society. 9. Edinburgh: 39. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  15. ^ Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. 24 (6–8). Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University: 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
  16. ^ Rehder, Alfred (1915). "Neue order kritische Gehölze". Mitteilungen der Deutschen Dendrologischen Gesellschaft. 24: 215–219. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  17. ^ Rehder, Alfred. "Ulmaceae". Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs hardy in the cooler temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts: The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. pp. 135–143. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  18. ^ a b Bobbink and Atkins, Rutherford. N.J. Rutherford, N.J. : Bobbink & Atkins. 1902. p. 51.
  19. ^ Hovey & Co., Boston, Mass., Catalogue of ornamental trees & shrubs, evergreens and climbing plants, 1855, p.5
  20. ^ a b Ellwanger & Barry, Descriptive Catalogue of Hardy Ornamental Trees ... at the Mount Hope Nurseries (Rochester, N.Y., 1868), p.9
  21. ^ Ellwanger & Barry, Descriptive Catalogue of Hardy Ornamental Trees ... at the Mount Hope Nurseries (Rochester, N.Y., 1875)
  22. ^ Ellwanger & Barry, Descriptive catalogue of hardy ornamental trees, shrubs, etc. (Rochester, NY, 1880), p.39
  23. ^ Bobbink and Atkins, Rutherford. N.J. Rutherford, N.J. : Bobbink & Atkins. 1909. p. 51.
  24. ^ General catalogue, 1904 : choice hardy trees, shrubs, evergreens, roses, herbaceous plants, fruits, etc. New York: Frederick W. Kelsey. 1904. p. 18.
  25. ^ "Urban Forestry Administration". District Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on 16 July 2010. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  26. ^ Saunders, William; Macoun, William Tyrrell (1899). Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm (2 ed.). Ottawa. pp. 74–75.
  27. ^ "ePIC - Detailed results from Living collection for ulmus". epic.kew.org. Retrieved 2017-10-19.
  28. ^ a b Meeham, Joseph (1903). "Ulmus Campestris Superba". The Florists' Exchange. 15: 230.
  29. ^ "European Elms" (PDF). Bulletin of Popular Information. 1 (14). Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University: 56. 23 July 1915. Retrieved 18 October 2016.

Read other articles:

يفتقر محتوى هذه المقالة إلى الاستشهاد بمصادر. فضلاً، ساهم في تطوير هذه المقالة من خلال إضافة مصادر موثوق بها. أي معلومات غير موثقة يمكن التشكيك بها وإزالتها. (أغسطس 2020) الدوري الفرنسي السلسلة الدوري الفرنسي  الموسم 2020–21 التواريخ 21 أغسطس 2020 – 23 مايو 2021 البلد فرنسا موناكو&#...

 

UGM beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat UGM (disambiguasi). Universitas Gadjah Madaꦈꦕꦮꦶꦪꦠꦒꦗꦃ​ꦩꦢSegel akademik Universitas Gadjah MadaMotoMengakar Kuat, Menjulang TinggiMoto dalam bahasa InggrisLocally Rooted, Globally RespectedJenisPerguruan Tinggi Negeri Badan HukumDidirikan19 Desember 1949; 74 tahun lalu (1949-12-19)Lembaga indukKementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik IndonesiaRektorProf. dr. Ova Emilia, M.Med.Ed., S...

 

 KJ4 Stasiun LRT Sri RampaiStasiun Angkutan cepat Rute Terminal PUTRA-Kelana JayaStasiun Sri RampaiPemilikSyarikat Prasarana Negara (2002 hingga kini); dikendali oleh RapidKL.JalurLaluan Kelana Jaya (2010–)Jumlah jalur2Informasi lainKode stasiun KJ4 SejarahDibuka24 Desember 2010Operasi layanan Stasiun sebelumnya   Rel RapidKL   Stasiun berikutnya Wangsa Majumenuju Terminal PUTRA Terminal PUTRA-Kelana JayaSetiawangsamenuju Kelana Jaya Sunting kotak info •...

Rodimus PrimeTokoh TransformersInformasiAfiliasiAutobotSub-groupAutobot Cars, Deluxe Vehicles, Targetmasters, Micron Vehicles, Micromasters, Primes, WreckersFungsiPemimpin Autobot, Komandan Tertinggi, Kavaleri, Pejuang, Pelindung, Matrix TemplarRekanFirebolt/Sparks, Optimus Prime, Ultra Magnus, Scrapheap, Kup, OffshootSemboyanMy actions speaks louder than my words (Hot Rod) Experience is the benchmark of maturity (Rodimus Prime) Action is my middle name (Classics) Wisdom will always defeat fi...

 

Pour les articles homonymes, voir escadron. L'escadron est un type de formation que l'on trouve dans les deux principales subdivisions de la Gendarmerie nationale [N 1] : la gendarmerie départementale et la gendarmerie mobile [N 2]. Dans la hiérarchie des unités, l'escadron est l'équivalent de la compagnie, comme dans l'armée de terre, mais, contrairement à cette dernière, la Gendarmerie utilise souvent les deux types d'unités au sein de la même subdivision (voir ci-dessous). D...

 

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Type. Présentation des principaux types de données. En programmation informatique, un type de donnée, ou simplement un type, définit la nature des valeurs que peut prendre une donnée, ainsi que les opérateurs qui peuvent lui être appliqués. Types de données Types prédéfinis La plupart des langages de programmation de haut niveau offrent des types de base correspondant aux données qui peuvent être traitées directement — à savoir : sans c...

Cet article est une ébauche concernant un chanteur grec. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Yórgos AlkéosGiórgos Alkaios, 2010BiographieNaissance 24 décembre 1971 (52 ans)AthènesNom dans la langue maternelle Γιώργος ΑλκαίοςNom de naissance Γεώργιος ΒασιλείουNationalité grecqueActivité ChanteurPériode d'activité depuis 1989Père Giannis Vassiliou (en)Autr...

 

North American Motorcycle Road Racing Organization MotoAmericaThe official MotoAmerica LogoCategoryMotorcycle sportJurisdictionNorth AmericaHeadquartersIrvine, CaliforniaPresidentWayne RaineyOfficial websitewww.motoamerica.com MotoAmericaCurrent championsJake Gagne Current season MotoAmerica is the organization that promotes the AMA Superbike Series since 2015. Sanctioned by the American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) and the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM), it features eigh...

 

National Rail station in London, England Not to be confused with Rayners Lane tube station. Raynes Park Raynes ParkLocation of Raynes Park in Greater LondonLocationRaynes ParkLocal authorityLondon Borough of MertonManaged bySouth Western RailwayStation codeRAYDfT categoryC2Number of platforms4 (facing 4 tracks)Fare zone4National Rail annual entry and exit2018–19 4.236 million[1]– interchange  0.157 million[1]2019–20 4.002 million[1]– interchange  0.13...

Hawkesbury RiverLokasiNegaraAustraliaCiri-ciri fisikHulu sungaidekat Goulburn - elevasi1100m (3600 ft) Muara sungaiSamudera PasifikDebit air  - rata-rata95 m³/stidak tentu, dari 0 hingga 15.000 m³/s Luas DASDAS: 21.730 km² Foto udara memperlihatkan Hawkesbury River dan North Shore dan Northern Beaches Sydney Hawkesbury River, juga dikenal sebagai Deerubbun, adalah salah satu sungai besar di daerah pesisir New South Wales, Australia. Hawkesbury River dan cabangnya m...

 

Exterior Interior Our Lady of Grace and St Teresa of Avila is a Grade II listed Roman Catholic church at 1 King's Road, Chingford, London, E4 7HP.[1] It was built in 1930 by the architect George W. Martyn with extensions in 1939 and 1956. References ^ Historic England, Our Lady of Grace and St Teresa of Avila Chingford (1271998), National Heritage List for England, retrieved 6 September 2014 External links Media related to Our Lady of Grace and St Teresa of Avila's church, Chingford ...

 

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يناير 2019) سعادة النائب محمد عيسى عضو مجلس النواب البحريني عن الدائرة الأولى في محافظة المحرق في المنصب2018 – 2022 العاهل حمد بن عيسى آل خليفة رئيس الوزراء خليفة بن سلمان آ...

  بوغد خانات منغوليا بوغد خانات منغولياالعلم بوغد خانات منغولياالشعار   النشيد: الأرض والسكان عاصمة أولان باتور  اللغة الرسمية المغولية  التعداد السكاني 542504 (1915)  الحكم نظام الحكم خانية،  وثيقراطية،  وملكية،  وملكية انتخابية،  وتبعية  التأسيس وال�...

 

Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori italiani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Teresio PianaNazionalità Italia Calcio RuoloCentrocampista Termine carriera1950 CarrieraGiovanili 19??-1936 Alessandria Squadre di club1 1936-1937 Alessandria1 (0)1937-1939 Imperia0 (0)1939-1941 Savona56 (23)1941-1943 Livorno51 (20)1944 Alessandria18 (0)1945 Pavia17 (5...

 

此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2024年6月4日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目,无法查证的内容可能會因為异议提出而被移除。致使用者:请搜索一下条目的标题(来源搜索:金源镇 — 网页、新闻、书籍、学术、图像),以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源(判定指引)。 金源镇(朝鮮語:김원진 Kim Wonjin,1992年5月1日—),韩国男子柔道运动员,201...

Specific figure of merit in electronics In telecommunications, a third-order intercept point (IP3 or TOI) is a specific figure of merit associated with the more general third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3), which is a measure for weakly nonlinear systems and devices, for example receivers, linear amplifiers and mixers. It is based on the idea that the device nonlinearity can be modeled using a low-order polynomial, derived by means of Taylor series expansion. The third-order intercep...

 

President of the Philippines from 2010 to 2016 This article is about the 15th Philippine president. For other people of the same name, see Benigno Aquino. PNoy redirects here. Not to be confused with Pinoy. In this Philippine name, the middle name or maternal family name is Cojuangco and the surname or paternal family name is Aquino. His ExcellencyBenigno S. Aquino IIIKGCROfficial portrait, 201015th President of the PhilippinesIn officeJune 30, 2010 – June 30, 2016Vice...

 

920 819 Grogol Reformasi Halte TransjakartaHalte Grogol Reformasi sisi timur setelah dilakukan revitalisasi pada April 2024LetakKotaJakarta BaratDesa/kelurahanTomang, Grogol Petamburan (sisi timur)Tanjung Duren Utara, Grogol Petamburan (sisi barat)Kodepos11470AlamatJalan Letjen S. ParmanKoordinat6°10′03″S 106°47′19″E / 6.167393°S 106.788583°E / -6.167393; 106.788583Desain HalteStruktur BRT, median jalan bebas 2 tepi Pintu masukMelalui jembatan penyebe...

Cet article est une ébauche concernant une langue, l’Espagne et la Préhistoire. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Répartition des idiomes linguistiques de la péninsule ibérique vers 200 av. J.-C. Les langues paléo-hispaniques en accord avec les limites des inscriptions ou écritures paléo-hispaniques. Le tartessien désigne une langue morte de la péninsule Ibérique d'avant la conquête r...

 

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Grâce. La Grace Sous voile en 2011 Type Brick Gréement 2 mats voiles carrées et brigantine Histoire Chantier naval Suez Égypte Lancement 5 décembre 2010 Équipage Équipage 4 à 6 membres d'équipage - 10 à 22 cadets Caractéristiques techniques Longueur de coque 23,8 m Maître-bau 6.06 m Tirant d'eau 2,8 m Déplacement 126 tonnes Hauteur de mât 25 m Voilure 364 m² (dix voiles) + Grand-voile Propulsion MAN Diesel (375 ch) Vitesse 4-8 nœuds...