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	USCGC Westwind near Cape Atholl, Greenland.
History
United States
Name	USS Westwind
Builder	Western Pipe and Steel Company, San Pedro, California.
Laid down	24 August 1942.
Launched	31 March 1943.
Sponsored by	Mrs. Stanley V. Parker.
Commissioned	18 September 1944.
Identification	AGB-6
Fate	Lent to U.S.S.R.
Notes	Designed by Gibbs & Cox of New York.
Soviet Union
Name	Severniy Polyus (Russian: Северный Полюс, “North Pole”).
Acquired	21 February 1945
Fate	Returned to U.S.
Notes	Lend-Lease. Some Russian identification labels and plaques remained on ship's equipment after being returned to U.S. service.
United States
Name	USCGC Westwind
Operator	U.S. Coast Guard
Acquired	19 December 1951
Decommissioned	29 February 1988
Identification	Hull number: WAGB-281; Call sign: NLKL;
Motto	We may be old, but we still run
Nickname(s)	"Big Red of the Gulf Coast," "Big Red Pig," "Floating Football," "Wandering Arctic Garbage Barge"
Fate	Scrapped
General characteristics
Class and type	Wind-class icebreaker
Displacement	6,515 long tons (6,620 t) full load
Length	269 ft (82 m)
Beam	63 ft 6 in (19.35 m)
Draft	25 feet, 9 inches.
Installed power	Diesel-electric:; 6 × Fairbanks-Morse model 8-1/8OP, 10-cylinder opposed piston engines at 2,000 shp (1,500 kW), each driving a Westinghouse DC electric generator (1944); 4 × Enterprise / deLaval engines (1975);
Propulsion	2 × Westinghouse Electric DC electric motors driving the 2 aft propellers, 1 × 3,000 shp (2,200 kW) Westinghouse DC electric motor driving the detachable and seldom used bow propeller.
Speed	15.5 kn (28.7 km/h; 17.8 mph)
Range	16,000 nmi (30,000 km; 18,000 mi) at 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph) as designed; 16,000 nmi (30,000 km; 18,000 mi) at 10–12 knots (19–22 km/h; 12–14 mph) as built;
Capacity	Approximately 450,000 U.S. gal (1,700,000 L) diesel fuel
Complement	World War II authorized: 316 (21 officers, 295 enlisted); World War II 1944: 350; Postwar (US): 175 (13 officers, 2 warrant officers, 160 enlisted.;
Armament	Main: 4 × Mark 12 DP 5"/38 caliber guns on two twin mounts (1 forward, 1 aft); Anti-air: 12 × Bofors 40 mm guns on three quadruple mounts, 6 × Oerlikon 20 mm cannons on single mounts.; Anti-sub: 1 × Hedgehog projector, 2 × depth charge racks.;

USCGC Westwind (WAGB-281) was a Wind-class icebreaker that served in the United States Coast Guard as USCGC Westwind (WAG-281), the Soviet Navy as the Severni Polius, and again in the U.S. Coast Guard as USCGC Westwind (WAGB-281).

Construction

Westwind was one of the icebreakers designed by Lieutenant commander Edward Thiele and Gibbs & Cox of New York, who modeled them after plans for European icebreakers he obtained before the start of World War II.^[1] She was the fourth of seven completed ships of the Wind class of icebreakers operated by the United States Coast Guard. Her keel was laid on 24 March 1942 at Western Pipe and Steel Company shipyards in San Pedro. She was launched on 31 March 1943 and commissioned on 18 September 1944.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Wind-class icebreakers had hulls of unprecedented strength and structural integrity, with a relatively short length in proportion to the great power developed, a cut away forefoot, rounded bottom, and fore, aft and side heeling tanks. Diesel electric machinery was chosen for its controlability and resistance to damage.^[1]

Westwind, along with the other Wind-class icebreakers, was heavily armed for an icebreaker due to her design being crafted during World War II. Her main battery consisted of two twin-mount 5 in (130 mm) deck guns. Her anti-aircraft weaponry consisted of three quad-mounted Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft autocannons.^[3] and six Oerlikon 20 mm autocannons. She also carried six K-gun depth charge projectors and a Hedgehog as anti-submarine weapons. After her return from Soviet service she received a single 5”38 cal. mount forward and a helicopter deck aft. Sometime after 1966 she had the forward mount removed.^[4]^[6]

History

The ship's keel was laid at Western Pipe & Steel, San Pedro, California, USA, on 24 August 1942. It was launched from San Pedro on 31 March 1943, and commissioned as the USS Westwind (AGB-6) on 18 September 1944. On 21 February 1945 the ship was transferred to the Soviet Union and renamed Severni Polius (North Pole, Russian: Северный Полюс).^[7]^[8]

On 19 December 1951, the ship was returned to the United States Coast Guard,^[7]^[8] and recommissioned as the Westwind on 22 September 1952 after a refit.^[8] Starting 30 September 1954, the ship participated in a 121-day Arctic cruise, returning to New York Harbor, Brooklyn Navy Yard. In 1955 the Westwind called at Bouvetøya in the Southern Ocean at the request of the South African government. Between 1956 and 1957, the ship was engaged in DEWLINE support Operations in the Arctic.^[8]

In 1962, the ship was part of SUNEC '62 - hull stress tests conducted for the design of future Icebreakers. In 1964 the Westwind arrived in the area of United States Coast Guard LORAN Station Cape Atholl, Greenland, returning from this Arctic cruise on 18 August of that year.^[8] On 22 June 1966 the ship crossed the Arctic Circle at 52N 03W on SUNEC66 Supply Northeast Command out of Thule, Greenland. On 3 March 1967, as part of Deep Freeze 67, the ship crossed the Antarctic Circle at 67S 36W and assisted Navy Seabees building a scientific station on Palmer Peninsula. In March and April 1969 and March and April 1970, Westwind broke ice on the Great Lakes to hasten the start of the shipping season there.^[9] From June to September 1970 the ship was on Arctic East Deployment.

Between 1974 and 1975 the ship underwent an extensive refit to strengthen the bow, replace engines, change propeller shafts, and received a new "Icebreaker Red" paint scheme.^[8] From 1975 to 1981 the ship's homeport was Milwaukee, Wisconsin. During this period the ship embarked on Summer North Trips to the Arctic Circle via Montreal, St. John's, Newfoundland, and on to Thule, Greenland for summer breakouts.

On 13 December 1977, during a preliminary test run for Winter Breakouts in the Great Lakes, it ran aground at Seven Foot Shoals, near the entrance to St. Mary's River, Lake Huron. The resulting 64-by-2-foot (19.51 by 0.61 m) gash and bent propeller shaft was repaired at a dry dock in Montreal over a period of 4 months. The summer of 1978 saw another Arctic trip, doing mapping and marine science along the northeastern coast of Greenland. On 29 August 1979 [Coast Guard Day], again in the Arctic, the Westwind reached 83.45 degrees North Latitude, the farthest any U.S. surface vessel had ever penetrated.

In 1982 the ship was involved in an operation out of Mobile, Alabama, the Haitian Migration Interdiction Operation (HMIO). Following this operation, Cutter Westwind's home port changed to Mobile. In 1984, the Westwind sustained major hull damage in the Weddell Sea on a Deep Freeze cruise. A 6-foot (1.8 m) tall, 140-foot (43 m) long tear in the hull was temporarily patched by the crew until it could be repaired in South America.^[10] In 1986, funding cuts reduced operating funds for icebreakers, ending plans to refit the Westwind.^[11] The ship was finally decommissioned on 28 February 1988.^[8]

Notes

Sources disagree on the exact date that Westwind was transferred to the Soviet Union under the Lend-lease program. The Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (DANFS) lists Westwind's date of transfer as 21 February 1945,^[12] while the United States Coast Guard's history site is ambiguous, stating only that Westwind was transferred in 1945.^[8] A crew museum website lists the transfer date as Thanksgiving day 1945.^[7]

It is believed^{[by whom?]} that the final disposition of the Westwind was sale for scrap based on a former crewman's report.^[11] The crewman, transferred to the USCGC Polar Sea returning from Antarctica in 1988, saw the Westwind and the CCGS Labrador moored to a pier in Honolulu. The two dead ships were en route to Far Eastern ship scrappers when the consort tugboat broke down.

References

^ ^a ^b "USCG Icebreakers". U.S. Coast Guard Cutter History. United States Coast Guard. Archived from the original on 2015-07-01. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
^ Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II. Crescent Books (Random House). 1998. p. 308. ISBN 0517-67963-9.
^ ^a ^b Silverstone, Paul H.(1965): U.S. Warships of World War II. Doubleday and Company, pg. 378
^ ^a ^b "USCG Westwind" (PDF). U.S. Coast Guard Cutter History. United States CoastGuard. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-10-19. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
^ "USS Westwind". Dictionary of American Naval fighting ships. United States Navy. Archived from the original on 2012-10-23. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
^ ^a ^b "NavSource Westwind". Service Ship Photo Archive. NavSource Naval History. Archived from the original on 2013-09-10. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Westwind Polar Icebreaker Museum. "Nameplate from Engineroom, 1952". Archived from the original on 2007-07-04. Retrieved 2007-11-15.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "U.S. Coast Guard Cutter History". Archived from the original on 2010-11-23. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
^ Scheina, Robert L. (1990). U.S. Coast Guard Cutters and Craft, 1946-1990. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. p. 102. ISBN 0-87021-719-4.
^ "U.S. Coast Guard Cutter History". Archived from the original on 2010-01-19. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
^ ^a ^b Westwind Polar Icebreaker Museum. "Operational history"
^ "Westwind". Archived from the original on 2012-10-23. Retrieved 2007-11-19.