Types of Nazi camps

Leitmeritz concentration camp

Near Leitmeritz there were three types of Nazi detention facilities: Leitmeritz concentration camp, a subcamp of Flossenbürg; Theresienstadt Ghetto (lower right, west of the Eger River) and Theresienstadt Small Fortress, a Gestapo prison.^[1]^[2]

The phrase "Nazi concentration camp" is often used loosely to refer to various types of internment sites operated by Nazi Germany.^[3] More specifically, Nazi concentration camps refers to the camps run by the Concentration Camps Inspectorate and later the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office.^[4] The Nazi regime employed various types of detention and murder facilities within Germany and the territory it conquered and occupied, while Nazi allies also operated their own internment facilities.

The editors of Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos estimate that these sites totaled more than 42,500 locations, of which 980 were Nazi concentration camps proper.^[5]

Nazi Germany

Types of detention and murder facilities employed by the Nazi regime included:^[3]^[4]^[6]

Type	German name	Description
Civilian workers camp	Gemeinschaftslager
Custody camp	Haftlager
Civilian internment camp	Internierungslager (Ilag)	Camp to hold Allied civilians, caught in areas that were occupied by the German Army
Camp for Jews	Judenlager (Julag), Umschulungslager, Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden
Concentration camp	Konzentrationslager	Camp for the mass detention without trial of civilians, ethnic minorities, political opponents, etc.
Early camps
Aktion T4 Euthanasia center	Euthanasie-Tötungsanstalt, T4-Tötungsanstalt	Center for murder of mentally ill or physically disabled people by involuntary euthanasia
Extermination camp	Vernichtungslager	Six killing centers for the dedicated purpose of systematic mass murder, primarily of Jews
Forced (slave) labor camp	Zwangsarbeitslager
Jewish ghetto	Jüdischer Wohnbezirk
Germanization facilities
Gestapo camps
Gypsy camps	Zigeunerlager
Housing camp	Wohnlager
Labor camp	Arbeitslager
Military brothels
National Labor Service camp	RAD (Reichsarbeitsdienst)-Lager
Penal or punishment camp	Strafgefangenenlager and Straflager
Preferential camp	Vorzugslager
Prisoner-of-war camp	Kriegsgefangenenlager	Imprisonment camp for Allied military personnel captured and held under the terms of the Third Geneva Convention
Police custody camp	Polizeihaftlager
Prisons
Satellite camp	Außenkommando	Outlying camp under command of a main concentration camp main camps were Stammlager and subordinate camps were Außenlager
Security camp	Schutzhaftlager
Special camp	Sonderlager
Workers education camp	Arbeitserziehungslager
Work house	Arbeitshaus
Transit camp	Durchgangslager	Camps where prisoners were briefly detained prior to deportation to other Nazi camps.
Youth protection camp	Jugendschutzlager
Youth detention camp	Jugendverwahrungslager

Nazi Allies

Nazi allies also operated their own internment facilities, including:^[7]

References

^ Plch, Milan; Plch, Roman (2018). Tajemná místa nacismu [Mysterious places of Nazism] (in Czech). Brno: Computer Press. pp. 79, 82–83. ISBN 978-80-264-1900-6.
^ Blodig, Vojtěch (2003). Terezín in the "final Solution of the Jewish Question" 1941-1945. Oswald. p. 60.
^ ^a ^b "Nazi Camps". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
^ ^a ^b Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, volume I, Editor’s Introduction to the Series and Volume I
^ Lichtblau, Eric (1 March 2013). "The Holocaust Just Got More Shocking". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
^ Kaiser, Anne; Weinmann, Martin (1998). Das nationalsozialistische Lagersystem [The Nazi Camp System] (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Zweitausendeins. p. lxxxix-cxxxiv. ISBN 978-3-86150-261-6.
^ Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, volume III, table of contents