Tripartite motif family
The tripartite motif family (TRIM ) is a protein family.[ 1]
Function
Many TRIM proteins are induced by interferons , which are important component of resistance to pathogens and several TRIM proteins are known to be required for the restriction of infection by lentiviruses . TRIM proteins are involved in pathogen-recognition and by regulation of transcriptional pathways in host defence.[ 2]
Structure
The tripartite motif is always present at the N-terminus of the TRIM proteins. The TRIM motif includes the following three domains:[ 1]
(1) a RING finger domain
(2) one or two B-box zinc finger domains
when only one B-box is present, it is always a type-2 B-box
when two B-boxes are present the type-1 B-Box always precedes the type-2 B-Box
(3) coiled coil region The C-terminus of TRIM proteins contain either:
Group 1 proteins : a C-terminal domain selected from the following list:
Group 2 proteins : a SPRY C-terminal domain
Family members
The TRIM family is split into two groups that differ in domain structure and genomic organization:[ 3]
Group 1 members possess a variety of C-terminal domains, and are represented in both vertebrate and invertebrates
Group 2 is absent in invertebrates, possess a C-terminal SPRY domain[ 4] Members of the family include:
Group 1
PHD-BROMO domain containing: TRIM24 (TIF1α), TRIM28 (TIF1β), TRIM33 (TIF1γ)– act as corepressors
1-10: TRIM1 , TRIM2 , TRIM3 , TRIM8 , TRIM9
11-20: TRIM12 , TRIM13 , TRIM14 , TRIM16 , TRIM18 , TRIM19
21-30: TRIM23 , TRIM25 , TRIM29 , TRIM30
31-40: TRIM32 , TRIM36 , TRIM37
41-50: TRIM42 , TRIM44 , TRIM45 , TRIM46 , TRIM47
51-60: TRIM51 , TRIM53 , TRIM54 , TRIM55 , TRIM56 , TRIM57 , TRIM59
61-70: TRIM62 , TRIM63 , TRIM65 , TRIM66 , TRIM67 , TRIM69 , TRIM70
71-75: TRIM71
Group 2
1-10: TRIM4 , TRIM5 , TRIM6 , TRIM7 , TRIM10
11-20: TRIM11 , TRIM12 , TRIM15 , TRIM17 , TRIM20
21-30: TRIM21 , TRIM22 , TRIM26 , TRIM27 , TRIM30
31-40: TRIM31 , TRIM34 , TRIM35 , TRIM38 , TRIM39 , TRIM40
41-50: TRIM41 , TRIM43 , TRIM48 , TRIM49 , TRIM50
51-60: TRIM51 , TRIM52 , TRIM53 , TRIM57 , TRIM58 , TRIM60
61-70: TRIM61 , TRIM64 , TRIM68 , TRIM69 , TRIM70
71-75: TRIM72 , TRIM73 , TRIM74 , TRIM75
References
^ a b Reymond A, Meroni G, Fantozzi A, Merla G, Cairo S, Luzi L, Riganelli D, Zanaria E, Messali S, Cainarca S, Guffanti A, Minucci S, Pelicci PG, Ballabio A (May 2001). "The tripartite motif family identifies cell compartments" . EMBO J . 20 (9): 2140–51. doi :10.1093/emboj/20.9.2140 . PMC 125245 PMID 11331580 . ^ Ozato K, Shin DM, Chang TH, Morse HC (November 2008). "TRIM family proteins and their emerging roles in innate immunity" . Nat. Rev. Immunol . 8 (11): 849–60. doi :10.1038/nri2413 . PMC 3433745 PMID 18836477 . ^ Sardiello M, Cairo S, Fontanella B, Ballabio A, Meroni G (2008). "Genomic analysis of the TRIM family reveals two groups of genes with distinct evolutionary properties" . BMC Evol. Biol . 8 (1): 225. Bibcode :2008BMCEE...8..225S . doi :10.1186/1471-2148-8-225 PMC 2533329 PMID 18673550 . ^ Ponting C, Schultz J, Bork P (June 1997). "SPRY domains in ryanodine receptors (Ca(2+)-release channels)". Trends Biochem. Sci . 22 (6): 193–4. doi :10.1016/S0968-0004(97)01049-9 . PMID 9204703 .
