Tre Kronor-class cruiser

HMS Tre Kronor
HSwMS Tre Kronor
Class overview
NameTre Kronor class
Operators
Built1943–1947
In commission1947–1984
Planned2
Completed2
Retired2
General characteristics [1]
TypeCruiser
Displacement
  • 7,400 long tons (7,519 t) standard
  • 9,200 long tons (9,348 t) full load
Length
  • 174 m (570 ft 10 in) (pp)
  • 182 m (597 ft 1 in) (oa)
Beam16.45 m (54 ft 0 in)
Draft5.94 m (19 ft 6 in)
Propulsion
  • 2 shaft geared turbines, 4× 4-drum boilers,
  • 100,000 shp (75,000 kW)
Speed33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph)
Range4,350 nautical miles (8,060 km; 5,010 mi) at 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph)
Complement618
Armament
Armour
  • Belt: 70 mm (2.8 in)
  • Deck: 30 mm (1.2 in)upper, 30 mm (1.2 in) main
  • Turrets: 50–127 mm (2.0–5.0 in)
  • Conning tower: 20–25 mm (0.79–0.98 in)

The Tre Kronor class (English: Three Crowns class) was a class of two cruisers built for the Swedish Navy during World War II, comprising Tre Kronor and Göta Lejon. Tre Kronor was discarded in 1968 and Göta Lejon was sold to Chile in 1971. Renamed Almirante Latorre, she remained in service until being discarded in 1986.

Design and development

The outbreak of World War II caused the Swedish Navy to change its naval strategy, with it being decided to base the fleet on two squadrons of destroyers, each of which would be led by a cruiser, instead of the existing organisation of slow coastal defence ships and small torpedo boats. In 1940, therefore, the Swedish government decided that two cruisers were to be built. The cruisers were designed by the Italian shipyard CRDA in 1940–1941.[2]

The main armament was seven Bofors 152 mm guns, with one triple turret forward and two twin turrets aft. The guns were being built by Bofors for the Eendracht-class cruisers being built in the Netherlands for the Royal Netherlands Navy but were taken over by the Swedish government when the Netherlands surrendered to Germany in May 1940.[3] They could fire a 46-kilogram (101 lb) shell to a range of 26,000 metres (28,000 yd) at a rate of 12–15 rounds per minute,[4] and could elevate to 70 degrees, being capable of both anti-surface and anti-aircraft use.[5] Additional anti-aircraft armament was provided by 20 Bofors 40 mm guns in 10 twin turrets and seven 20 mm m/40 guns. Six 533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes were fitted, and the ship could also carry 160 mines.[5][6]

A political debate broke out about the cruisers, with this, together with rework of the design, ensured that work did not start until 1943. The ships were built by the Götaverken and Eriksberg shipyards in Gothenburg. HSwMS Tre Kronor was launched on 16 December 1944, and HSwMS Göta Lejon on 17 November 1945.

Service history

The delayed start to the ships and industrial action meant that World War II was long over when the ships were completed, with both ships entering service in 1947.[2] They were refitted in the late 1940s and early 1950s, with a new bridge fitted, radar added and the 20 mm guns replaced by seven more 40 mm Bofors guns.[7]

Göta Lejon had another major refit between 1957 and 1958, with new radar being fitted, and a revised secondary anti-aircraft armament of four Bofors 57 mm guns and eleven 40 mm Bofors guns. A similar upgrade for Tre Kronor was cancelled due to lack of funds.[5]

Tre Kronor went into reserve in 1958, was stricken on 1 January 1964 and sold for scrap in 1968,[8] being used to build a pontoon bridge.[5] The more modern Göta Lejon was not stricken until 1 July 1970, and was sold to Chile in July 1971,[7] being commissioned into the Chilean Navy as Almirante Latorre on 18 September 1971.[9] Latorre was stricken from the Chilean Navy in 1984, and was sold in August 1986,[7] being scrapped in Taiwan in 1987.[7]

Ships

Builder [1] Laid Down [1] Launched [1] Commissioned [1] Fate
Tre Kronor Götaverken 27 September 1943 16 December 1944 25 October 1947 Stricken, 1 January 1964
Sold for scrap, 1968[8]
Göta Lejon Eriksbergs Mekaniska Verkstad 27 September 1943 17 November 1945 15 December 1947 Stricken (Swedish Navy), 1 July 1970

Sold to Chile to serve as Almirante Latorre, 18 September 1971
Stricken (Chilean Navy), 1984[7]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e Whitley 1999, p. 225.
  2. ^ a b Whitley 1999, pp. 225–226.
  3. ^ Whitley 1999, pp. 197, 226.
  4. ^ Friedman 1997, p. 449.
  5. ^ a b c d Westerlund 1980, p. 371.
  6. ^ Whitley 1999, p. 226.
  7. ^ a b c d e Whitley 1999, p. 227
  8. ^ a b Westerlund & Chumbley 1995, p. 443
  9. ^ Moore 1985, p. 88.

References

  • Friedman, Norman. The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapon Systems 1997–1998. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1997. ISBN 1-55750-268-4.
  • Moore, John. Jane's Fighting Ships 1985–86. London: Jane's Yearbooks, 1985. ISBN 0 7106-0814-4.
  • Westerlund, Karl-Eric (1980). "Sweden". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. New York: Mayflower Books. pp. 368–377. ISBN 0-8317-0303-2.
  • Westerlund, Karl-Eric & Chumbley, Stephen (1995). "Sweden". In Chumbley, Stephen (ed.). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 443–453. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
  • Whitley, M. J. (1995). Cruisers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-141-6.