The Moscow tramway network, which is divided into two sub-networks, is a key element of the public transport system in Moscow, the capital city of Russia. Opened in 1872, it has been operated since 1958 until 2021 by Mosgortrans, a state-owned company.[1]
The two sub-networks had a combined total route length of 181 km (112 mi), making the whole network the fourth largest in the world, after the networks in Melbourne, St. Petersburg and Berlin.
The tram is historically the second type of urban passenger transport in Moscow, the successor of the Konka (horse-driven tram). However, the presence in Moscow by the beginning of the 20th century horse-railways hindered the development of tram lines. For the laying of tram lines, it was necessary first to free the roads from horse tracks. In 1901, the council purchased the first competition of the Belgian joint-stock company. When, in 1903, came a period of redemption horse-drawn railway the second Belgian joint stock company, the Duma is not solved, as, according to N. I. Astrov: "In Russia we have not experienced builders and engineers". In November 1905, immediately after the events of October elected a new mayor Nikolai Guchkov. Its launching coincided with the revolutionary actions of workers of Moscow in November–December 1905. As soon as the life in the town had returned to normal, Nikolai Ivanovich ordered to proceed with the laying of tram tracks. In February 1907, construction finally began on Myasnitskaya Street, Sretenka Street and Lubyanka Street, from the Passion of the monastery Dmitrovka and further on down, to the Sretenka and Myasnitskaya. The first electric tram routes linked the outskirts of the Garden ring with the center of Moscow, and mainly repeated the routes of the konechnye.
18 May 1910 the city council on the proposal of N. I. Guchkov made a decision about carrying out in 1912 in Moscow, the congress of tram companies.
To the 1910 years the dense network of lines was observed in the western part of the centre with the formation of arcs on the Garden and Boulevard rings. In 1918 the total length of tram lines in the city amounted to 323 km (201 mi) In 1926 the length of track grew to 395 km (245 mi) in 1918, there were 475 cars, and in 1926 – 764. Average speed of trams increased from 7 km/h (4 mph) in 1918 to 12 km/h (7 mph) in 1926.
The apogee of Moscow's tram network was in the early 1930s, when it served both rings (the Boulevard and the Garden) and all connecting streets, gas lines[clarify] were laid and on the outskirts. In 1934, when the tram was the dominant mode of transport, 2.6 million of the city's population of 4 million used the tram every day. More radical changes took place in the 1940s, when trams were replaced by trolleybuses in the western part of the Boulevard Ring and removed from the Kremlin. With the development of the metro in the 1950s some of the lines leading to the suburbs were closed, and the carriage of freight ceased.
In 1958, the tram and trolleybus administration was merged with the passenger transport department to form the Department of Passenger Transport of Moscow (UPTM), which operated all three types of surface public transport: bus, trolleybus and tram.
In the 1960s and 1970s, tram lines were finally eliminated in the western part of the city and from the Garden Ring. However, new lines were laid in areas that were not served by the metro: Medvedkovo, Chertanovo, Perovo and Novogireevo. After the closure of the lines between Nizhnyaya Maslovka and Tikhvinovskaya streets in 1965 and on Bolshaya Gruzinskaya street in 1973, the lines operating from the Krasnaya Presnya tram depot in the north-west of the city was severed from the rest of the network. In the mid-1990s a new wave of line closures started, mainly on major highways near the city centre. In 1995, the company closed the line on Mira Avenue, then at the Nizhnyaya Maslovka due to the construction of the 3rd ring road. For the same reason in the early 2000s, the rails on Begovaya street, near the Ulitsa 1905 Goda metro station and on Dvintsev street were removed. In 2004, in connection with forthcoming reconstruction, the Leningradskiy avenue line was closed. In 2008 the lines on Lesnaya street and Volokolamskoe highway closed. Between 1989 and 2004 the length of the lines fell from 460 to 420 km (261 mi) (the high point in the 1940s was 560 km). In 1990 daily ridership was over 800,000, but by the late 1990s this had fallen to about 150,000 passengers. From 30 to 31 August 2013 in the framework of the experimental introduction of night routes of public transport route No. 3 is translated to round-the-clock work, however, as of May 2020, the route now is back to operating from 5:00 to 1:00.
As of 2021, Moscow has introduced open gangway trams beginning with service in the north-west of the city. These trains accommodate 110 passengers and have 18% more seats than those of the previous generation, as well as USB ports and media screens.[2]
In August 2021, Moscow ended operations of the Czech-designed high-floor Tatra T3 trams, which had operated in the city since 1963.[3]
А. Novokonnaya ploschad' (Square) – Chistyye prudy subway station
1. Moskvoretsky Market – Ulitsa Akademika Yangelya (Academic Yangel St.)
3. Chistye prudy subway station – Balaklavsky Prospect (Avenue)
4. Bulvar Rokossovskovo subway station – Kursky Railway Station
6. Sokol subway station – Bratsevo
7. Bulvar Rokossovskovo subway station – Belorussky Rail Terminal
9. Belorussky Rail Terminal – MIIT (only in weekdays)
10. Shchukinskaya subway station – Ulitsa Kulakova (Kulakov St.)
11. Ostankino – 16th Parkovaya St.
12. 16th Parkovaya St. – 2nd ulitsa Mashinostroyeniya (2nd Machinbuilding St.)
13. Kalanchovskaya St. – Metrogorodok
14. Oktyabrskaya subway station – Universitet subway station
15. Sokol subway station – Tallinskaya Str.
16. Novodanilovsky Proezd (Drive) – Ulitsa Akademika Yangelya (Academic Yangel St.)
17. Ostankino – Medvedkovo
20. Kursky Rail Terminal – Krasnokazarmennaya Ploschad' (Square)
21. Tallinskaya St. – Schukinskaya subway station
23. Sokol subway station – Mikhalkovo
24. Kursky Railway Station – Proezd Entuziastov (Enthusiasts' drive)
25. Ostankino – Sokol'nicheskaya Zastava
26. Oktyabrskaya subway station – Universitet subway station (through Cheryomushki)
27. Voikovskaya subway station – Dmitrovskaya subway station
28. Prospekt Marshala Zhukova (Avenue of marshal Zhukov) – Sokol subway station
29. Dmitrovskaya subway station – Mikhalkovo
30. Tallinskaya St. – Mikhalkovo
31. Prospekt Marshala Zhukova (Avenue of marshal Zhukov) – Voikovskaya underground station
34. 16th Parkovaya St. – Semyonovskaya subway station
36. Metrogorodok – Novogireyevo
37. Kalanchyovskaya St. – Novogireyevo
38. Cheryomushki – 3rd Vladimirskaya St.
39. Chistye prudy subway station – Universitet subway station
43. Ugreshskaya MCC – 3rd Vladimirskaya St.
45. Novokonnaya ploschad' (Square) - Sokol'nicheskaya Zastava
46. Bulvar Rokossovskovo subway station – Oktyabrskoe tram depot
47. Nagatino – Oktyabrskaya subway station
49. Nagatino – Novodanilovsky Proezd (Drive)
50. Proezd Entuziastov (Enthusiasts' drive) – Novoslobodskaya subway station
This table does not include vehicles on short term trials and does not include vehicles that are purely in museum service.
17 three door trams, 3 two door trams
Media related to Tram transport in Moscow at Wikimedia Commons
55°45′N 37°37′E / 55.750°N 37.617°E / 55.750; 37.617
Taman Nasional AwashIUCN Kategori II (Taman Nasional)Awash riverLetakEtiopiaKota terdekatAwashKoordinat8°55′12″N 40°02′33.65″E / 8.92000°N 40.0426806°E / 8.92000; 40.0426806Koordinat: 8°55′12″N 40°02′33.65″E / 8.92000°N 40.0426806°E / 8.92000; 40.0426806Luas756 km2 (292 sq mi)Didirikan1966 Taman Nasional Awash adalah salah satu taman nasional di Etiopia. Membentang melintasi ujung selatan Wilayah Afar dan sudu…
Election in Tennessee Main article: 2020 United States presidential election 2020 United States presidential election in Tennessee ← 2016 November 3, 2020 2024 → Turnout69.30% [1] 7.38 pp Nominee Donald Trump Joe Biden Party Republican Democratic Home state Florida Delaware Running mate Mike Pence Kamala Harris Electoral vote 11 0 Popular vote 1,852,475 1,143,711 Percentage 60.66% 37.45% County results Congressional district results Precin…
English cricketer This article is about the cricketer. For the Australian rules footballer nicknamed Gubby, see Graeme Allan. SirGeorge AllenCBEAllen, photographed c. 1933Personal informationFull nameGeorge Oswald Browning AllenBorn(1902-07-31)31 July 1902Bellevue Hill, New South Wales, AustraliaDied29 November 1989(1989-11-29) (aged 87)St John's Wood, London, EnglandNicknameGubbyBattingRight-handedBowlingRight-arm fastRoleAll-rounderInternational information National sideEngland…
Peta Kabupaten Buton di Sulawesi Tenggara Berikut adalah daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Buton, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia. Kabupaten Buton terdiri dari 7 kecamatan, 12 kelurahan dan 83 desa dengan luas wilayah 1.212,99 km² dan jumlah penduduk sebesar 114.596 jiwa (2017) dengan sebaran penduduk 95 jiwa/km².[1][2] Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kabupaten Buton, adalah sebagai berikut: Kode Kemendagri Kecamatan Jumlah Kelurahan Jumlah Desa Status Daftar …
John HumeKCSGPemimpin Partai Demokrat Sosial dan BuruhMasa jabatan6 Mei 1979 – 6 November 2001WakilSeamus MallonPendahuluGerry FittPenggantiMark DurkanAnggota Majelis Irlandia Utaradapil FoyleMasa jabatan25 Juni 1998 – 1 Desember 2000PendahuluDapil baruPenggantiAnnie CourtneyAnggota Parlemen Britania Raya dapil FoyleMasa jabatan9[1] Juni 1983 – 11 April 2005PendahuluDapil baruPenggantiMark DurkanAnggota Parlemen Eropadapil Irlandia UtaraMasa jabatan10 Jun…
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (ديسمبر 2020) سيريل رومني معلومات شخصية الميلاد 1 مارس 1931 تورتولا الوفاة 19 يوليو 2007 (76 سنة) فلوريدا سبب الوفاة سرطان مواطنة المملكة المتحدة الحياة ا
Malaysia Artikel ini adalah bagian dari seri Politik dan KetatanegaraanMalaysia Pemerintahan federal Konstitusi Malaysia Hak asasi manusia Hukum Kontrak sosial Rukun Negara Monarki Yang di-Pertuan Agong Abdullah dari Pahang Majelis Raja-Raja Legislatif Parlemen Malaysia Parlemen ke-15 Dewan Rakyat Ketua Johari Abdul Kepala Pemerintahan Anwar Ibrahim Pemimpin Oposisi Hamzah Zainudin Dewan Negara Ketua Rais Yatim Kabinet Bayangan Eksekutif Kabinet Perdana Menteri Anwar Ibrahim Pengabdian Sipil (le…
Exemplaar van 1 mei 1917, met een deel gecensureerd. Avanti! (Nederlands: Voorwaarts!) is het dagelijks uitgegeven partijblad van de Socialistische Partij van Italië (PSI). Benito Mussolini was er enkele jaren hoofdredacteur van. Enkele bekende feiten over het blad zijn de volgende: Van 1912 tot 1914 was Benito Mussolini de hoofdredacteur van het blad, tot hij zelf een eigen blad ging oprichten. In april 1919 worden de kantoren van de krant in Milaan afgebrand door fascisten. In april 1920 vero…
فعل يكتبوا العبري ‘יִכְתְּבוּ’ مع النيقود تسطير العبرية، أو كتيب عبري (כְּתִיב עִבְרִי كتيڤ عِڤري) طريقة يستعملها متحدثو اللغة العبرية ليكتبوا نصوص تلك اللغة وفقا لجملة من القواعد.[1][2] إطلالة تاريخية شرع العبرانيون القدامى يكتبون اللغة العبرية، بالتسطير اعتمادا
Malang Stoomtram Maatschappij, N.V.Kereta MSM yang berhenti di Alun-Alun MalangIkhtisarKantor pusat Kota Malang, Jawa Timur, Hindia BelandaLokalKabupaten dan Kota MalangTanggal beroperasi1897–1959PenerusKereta Api IndonesiaTeknisLebar sepur1.067 mm (3 ft 6 in)Panjang jalur85 km Malang Stoomtram Maatschappij, N.V. (MS) adalah salah satu perusahaan kereta api yang dahulu mengoperasikan jalur kereta api di wilayah Malang Raya, Jawa Timur. Fokus perusahaan ini adalah pengan…
En Paraguay, el sistema de gobierno adoptado es una República presidencial, lo cual implica que el presidente de la República desempeña simultáneamente el rol de jefe de Estado y jefe de Gobierno. Como resultado, el presidente cuenta con amplias atribuciones, incluyendo la facultad de designar a los ministros de Estado, así como supervisar a un cuerpo significativo de funcionarios que colaboran en la administración estatal. La estructura de la República del Paraguay, establecida como un E…
1990 film by Alan J. Pakula Presumed InnocentTheatrical release posterDirected byAlan J. PakulaScreenplay by Frank Pierson Alan J. Pakula Based onPresumed Innocentby Scott TurowProduced by Sydney Pollack Mark Rosenberg Starring Harrison Ford Brian Dennehy Raul Julia Bonnie Bedelia Paul Winfield Greta Scacchi CinematographyGordon WillisEdited byEvan A. LottmanMusic byJohn WilliamsProductioncompanyMirage EnterprisesDistributed byWarner Bros.Release dates July 25, 1990 (1990-07-25)&#…
Bulzi BùltziKomuneComune di BulziLokasi Bulzi di Provinsi SassariNegara ItaliaWilayah SardiniaProvinsiSassari (SS)Pemerintahan • Wali kotaEdoardo MultinedduLuas • Total21,67 km2 (8,37 sq mi)Ketinggian250 m (820 ft)Populasi (2016) • Total513[1]Zona waktuUTC+1 (CET) • Musim panas (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Kode pos07030Kode area telepon079Situs webhttp://www.comune.bulzi.ss.it Bulzi (bahasa Sardinia: Bùltzi) adalah …
Area in Universal theme parks Not to be confused with Super Mario World or Nintendo Land. Super Nintendo WorldSuper Nintendo World at Universal Studios JapanStatusOperatingThemeNintendo video game franchisesAttractionsTotal2 (Universal Studios Japan)1 (Universal Studios Hollywood)Universal Studios JapanCoordinates34°39′53″N 135°25′59″E / 34.66472°N 135.43306°E / 34.66472; 135.43306StatusOperatingOpenedDecember 26, 2020 (2020-12-26) (soft opening…
Largest component of the executive branch of the government of the Philippines Politics of the Philippines Government Constitution of the Philippines Charter Change Laws Legal codes Taxation Executive President of the Philippines Bongbong Marcos (PFP) Vice President of the Philippines Sara Duterte (HNP) Cabinet (lists) Executive departments Local government Legislature Congress of the Philippines 19th Congress Senate President Migz Zubiri (Independent) House of Representatives Speaker Martin Rom…
Town and parish in EnglandEgremontTown and parishMain Street, EgremontEgremontLocation in the former Copeland BoroughShow map of the former Borough of CopelandEgremontLocation within CumbriaShow map of CumbriaPopulation8,194 (2011)[1]OS grid referenceNY008109Civil parishEgremontUnitary authorityCumberlandCeremonial countyCumbriaRegionNorth WestCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townEGREMONTPostcode districtCA22Dialling code01946PoliceC…
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Hereditary Princess of Monaco CharlotteHereditary Princess of MonacoDuchess of ValentinoisBorn(1898-09-30)30 …
Book by Mark Fainaru-Wada and Lance Williams For the film, see Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows. Game of Shadows AuthorMark Fainaru-WadaLance WilliamsSubjectBarry Bonds, dopingPublishedMarch 23, 2006PublisherGotham BooksMedia typePrint (Hardcover & Paperback)Pages332 pp.ISBN978-1-59240-199-4OCLC718698993Dewey Decimal362.29LC ClassRC1230 .F35 2006 Part of a series onDoping in sport Substances and types Anabolic steroids Blood doping Gene doping Stem cell doping Mechanical doping T…
Kalenderbladzijde voor februari uit het Breviarium-Grimani. Deel van de serie overkloostersen het christelijke monastieke leven Oorsprong Heremieten · Antonius · Paulus van Thebe · Pachomius Families Augustijnen · Benedictijnen · Cisterciënzers · Dominicanen · Franciscanen · Jezuïeten · Kapucijnen · Karmelieten · Kartuizers · Norbertijnen · Trappisten · Redemptoristen · Congregatie van Sint-Jan Stichters Benedictus van Nursia · Augustinus van Hippo · Norbertus · Bruno van Keu…
Japanese-American actor and voice actor This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Jerry Tondo – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this…
Lokasi Pengunjung: 3.144.88.85