Toyotama-hime

Toyotama-hime
豊玉姫
Toyotama-hime with her younger sister Tamayori-hime
Major cult centreKaijin Shrine
Genealogy
Parents
SpouseHoori
ChildrenUgayafukiaezu

Toyotama-hime (Japanese: 豊玉姫) is a goddess in Japanese mythology who appears in Kojiki and Nihon Shoki. She is the daughter of the sea deity, Watatsumi, and the wife of Hoori. She is known as the paternal grandmother of Emperor Jimmu, the first emperor of Japan.

Toyotama marries the prince Hoori, but returns to the sea when he breaks the vow not to spy on her while she goes through childbirth. The child she gave birth to was Ugayafukiaezu.

Name

Toyotama-hime's name is believed to mean "a miko (shrine maiden) who makes rich pearls attract divine spirits," in which toyo (豊) stands for "rich" and tama (玉) stands for "pearl".[1]

Myth

Hoori meets Toyotama
—illustration by Evelyn Paul[2]

The account of Toyatama-hime and Hoori appear in the Kojiki[3][4][5] and the Nihon Shoki.[6][7]

Toyotama-hime was the daughter of the sea deity Watatsumi. The palace where they reside is said to be as if made from fish scales and supposedly lies undersea.[a]

She makes a fateful meeting with the hunter prince, Yamasachi, also known as Hoori ("Fire-Subside"). The prince came in search of the fishing hook he lost at sea, borrowed from his elder brother Umisachi ("Luck of the Sea").[10][11]

When the princess came to draw water from the well, the prince was already waiting, having climbed a katsura tree[12] (or cassia tree[13]) that towered above the well. The prince asked for a drink of water and made a gesture of spitting jewels into the vessel. The princess was captivated by his beauty. Her sea deity father recognized him as the descendant of the heavenly gods and arranged a banquet. Toyotama married the prince, and they lived in the place for three years.[14]

At the end of three years, Toyotama's husband let out a sigh and revealed his unfinished quest for the lost fish hook, which needed to be returned to his brother. After the hook was found caught in the sea bream's (tai fish's) throat, Toyotama's husband was set upon a one-fathom long crocodile (or shark) to return home and, with the advice from the seagod, subjugated his elder brother.[15]

Toyotama, who had accompanied her husband to the land above sea, announced her pregnancy. The prince built for her a child-delivery hut (parturition house) thatched with cormorant feathers, which was not completely thatched when she went into labour. Toyotama requested Hoori not watch while she gave birth to their child. Toyotama then gave birth to a son, who was named Ugayafukiaezu ("Cormarant-Thatch-Meeting-Incompletely"[16]) or "Heavenly Male Brave of the Shore".[17][19]

Unfortunately, Hoori's curiosity got the better of him and he attempted to spy on his wife. To his surprise, rather than seeing his wife as he knew her, he witnessed an enormous wani (crocodile, or in ancient usage also meant shark) cradling his child (one Nihongi version claim she was a dragon, Tatsu). This creature was none other than his beloved Toyotama who had shape-shifted to give birth. After catching her husband spying on her, she was utterly ashamed that he broke his promise. Unable to forgive Hoori, she abandoned him and their child by returning to the sea. Following her departure, she sent her younger sister Tamayori ("Jewel-Good") to help raise the child in her absence.[20] As Ugayafukiaezu grew of age, he married his aunt and eventually conceived a child, Jimmu, who became the first Emperor of Japan.[21]

Parallels

Some commentators have noted a parallel between Toyotama-hime and the princess Oto-hime in the tale of Urashima Tarō, the boy who saves a turtle.[22] Toyotama rode a sea turtle to return from the sea to give birth, according to the Nihon Shoki.[23]

The transformation of Toyotama into a crocodile form draws parallels with the Melusine legend of continental Europe and selkie legends of Scotland and Scandinavia.[24]

Japanese scholar Hiroko Ikeda, in her index of Japanese folktales based on the international Aarne-Thompson Index, indexed the myth as type 470C, "The Lost Fish Hook (Umisachi Yamasuchi)": one of two brothers (one a fisherman, the other a hunter) loses the fisherman's hook and, on his quest, meets and marries the daughter of a marine Dragon King; later, he regains the fish hook and is given a jewel to control the tides; at the end of the tale, the hunter's wife asks him not to see her while she is giving birth, but he breaks the taboo and finds a crocodile (wani) in her place.[25][26] According to Ikeda, the tale has circum-Pacific distribution, that is, similar tales are found among ethnic groups that inhabit the Pacific Ocean shores.[27]

Legacy

  • Throughout Japanese media, human-dragon hybrids (former on their mother's side as the case with Toyotama) are commonplace, notably in video games such as Popolocrois, Fire Emblem and Breath of Fire.
  • In the Japanese anime Sekirei, there is a Sekirei named Toyotama that fights using a traditional wooden staff.
  • Samantha Shannon’s novel, “The Priory of the Orange Tree”, is loosely based on this legend.

Science

The extinct crocodile genus Toyotamaphimeia was named after this deity, in direct reference to this myth.

Genealogy

Amaterasu[28]Takamimusubi[29][30][31]
Ame-no-oshihomimi[28]Takuhadachiji-hime[29][30][31][32][33][34]Ōyamatsumi[35][36]
Ninigi-no-Mikoto[32][33][34][28][37]
（天孫）		Konohanasakuya-hime[35][36]Watatsumi[38][39][40][41]
Hoderi[35][36][42]Hosuseri[35][36]
（海幸彦）		Hoori[35][36][37]
（山幸彦）		Toyotama-hime[38]Utsushihikanasaku [ja][39][40][41][43]Furutama-no-mikoto [ja]
Tensori no Mikoto [ja][42]Ugayafukiaezu[37][44]Tamayori-hime[38]Azumi people[43]（Owari clan
Yamato clan)
Hayato people[42]Itsuse[44]Inahi[44]Mikeiri[44]Jimmu[44]Ahiratsu-hime[45]
Imperial House of JapanTagishimimi[46][47][48][45]
  • Red background is female.
  • Green background means groups
  • Bold letters are three generations of Hyuga.

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ Luck of the Mountains makes the trip there by entering a woven bamboo boat, which is sunk into the sea according to "one version" in the Nihon Shoki.[8] The Kojiki does not explicitly say that he was plunged underwater, so the reading is that he was let "sail for a little while".[9]

References

Citations
  1. ^ Nishimiya, Kazutami (1979). Shinchō Nihon Koten Shusen 27: Kojiki. Shinchōsha. 豊玉毘売. ISBN 4-10-620327-8. OCLC 6543492.
  2. ^ Davis 1912
  3. ^ Chamberlain (tr.) 1882, Kojiki, pp. 117–119
  4. ^ Shirane (tr.) 2012, "Luck of the Sea and Luck of the Mountain", pp. 23–26
  5. ^ Takeda (ed.) 1977, Kojiki, pp. 68–74
  6. ^ Aston (tr.) 1896, Nihongi II, pp. 47, 61, 95–108
  7. ^ Ujiya (tr.) 1988, Nihon shoki, pp. 74–89
  8. ^ Aston (tr.) 1896, p. 96
  9. ^ Shirane (tr.) 2012, p. 23
  10. ^ Chamberlain (tr.) 1882, Kojiki, pp. 117–119
  11. ^ Shirane (tr.) 2012, "Luck of the Sea and Luck of the Mountain", pp. 23–26
  12. ^ Shirane (tr.) 2012, p. 24
  13. ^ Chamberlain (tr.) 1882, p. 121
  14. ^ Chamberlain (tr.) 1882, pp. 121–122
  15. ^ Chamberlain (tr.) 1882, pp. 122–125
  16. ^ Chamberlain (tr.) 1882, p. 127
  17. ^ Shirane (tr.) 2012, p. 26
  18. ^ Chamberlain (tr.) 1882, p. 127 and note 10
  19. ^ Full name rendered "Heaven's-Sun-Height-Prince-Wave-limit-Brave-Cormorant-Thatch-Meeting-Incompletely".[18]
  20. ^ Chamberlain (tr.) 1882, pp. 127–128
  21. ^ Shirane (tr.) 2012, epilogue summary, p. 26
  22. ^ Kawai, Hayao (1988), The Japanese psyche: major motifs in the fairy tales of Japan, Spring Publications, Incorporated, pp. 93, 154
  23. ^ Aston (tr.) 1896, Nihongi II, p. 104: "Toyo-tama-hime herself arrived, riding on a great tortoise, with her younger sister Tama-yori-hime"
  24. ^ Ashkenazi 2003, p. 167
  25. ^ Ikeda, Hiroko (1976). "Type Indexing the Folk Narrative". In Adrienne L. Kaeppler; H. Arlo Nimmo (eds.). Directions in Pacific Traditional Literature. Essays in Honor of Katharine Luomala. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. pp. 347–348. ISBN 0910240205.
  26. ^ Ikeda, Hiroko (1971). A Type and Motif Index of Japanese Folk-Literature. Folklore Fellows Communications. Vol. 184. Suomalainen tiedeakatemia. pp. 121–122.
  27. ^ Ikeda, Hiroko (1976). "Type Indexing the Folk Narrative". In Adrienne L. Kaeppler; H. Arlo Nimmo (eds.). Directions in Pacific Traditional Literature. Essays in Honor of Katharine Luomala. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. pp. 347, 348. ISBN 0910240205.
  28. ^ a b c Borgen, Robert; Ury, Marian (April 1990). "Readable Japanese Mythology: Selections from Nihon shoki and Kojiki" (PDF). The Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese. 24 (1). American Association of Teachers of Japanese: 61–97. doi:10.2307/489230. JSTOR 489230. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  29. ^ a b "万幡豊秋津師比売命 – 國學院大學 古典文化学事業". kojiki.kokugakuin.ac.jp. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  30. ^ a b "Encyclopedia of Shinto - Home : Kami in Classic Texts : Futodama". eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
  31. ^ a b https://archive.today/20230406174104/https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/?id=9716
  32. ^ a b "タクハタチヂヒメ". nihonsinwa.com (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  33. ^ a b "栲幡千千姫命（たくはたちぢひめのみこと）ご利益と神社". xn--u9ju32nb2az79btea.asia (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-01-17.
  34. ^ a b "Ninigi". Mythopedia. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
  35. ^ a b c d e Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, translated from the original Chinese and Japanese by William George Aston. Book II, page 73. Tuttle Publishing. Tra edition (July 2005). First edition published 1972. ISBN 978-0-8048-3674-6
  36. ^ a b c d e "According to the 'Kojiki', the great 8th century A.D. compilation of Japanese mythology, Konohana Sakuya-hime married a god who grew suspicious of her when she became pregnant shortly after their wedding. To prove her fidelity to her husband, she entered a benign bower and miraculously gave birth to a son, unscathed by the surrounding flames. The fire ceremony at Fuji-Yyoshida recalls this story as a means of protecting the town from fire and promoting easy childbirth among women."
  37. ^ a b c "みやざきの神話と伝承101：概説". 2021-08-04. Archived from the original on 4 August 2021. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  38. ^ a b c Akima, Toshio (1993). "The Origins of the Grand Shrine of Ise and the Cult of the Sun Goddess Amaterasu Ōmikami". Japan Review. 4 (4): 143. ISSN 0915-0986. JSTOR 25790929.
  39. ^ a b "Explore Azumino! - Hotaka Shrine". Explore Azumino!. Japan Tourism Agency. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  40. ^ a b https://www.mlit.go.jp/tagengo-db/common/001562761.pdf
  41. ^ a b "Mt. Hotaka also have deities enshrined, and these deities are as their tutelaries : JINJA-GAKU 3 | HIKES IN JAPAN". 2020-10-01. Archived from the original on 2020-10-01. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  42. ^ a b c Tsugita, Masaki (2001) [1977]. 古事記 （上） 全訳注 [Complete Translated and Annotated Kojiki, Part 1]. Vol. 38. 講談社学術文庫. p. 205. ISBN 4-06-158207-0.
  43. ^ a b "Ofune Matsuri – A Unique Festival in Nagano, Japan! - Festivals & Events｜COOL JAPAN VIDEOS｜A Website With Information About Travel, Culture, Food, History, and Things to Do in Japan". cooljapan-videos.com. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  44. ^ a b c d e The History of Nations: Japan. Dept. of education. Japan. H. W. Snow. 1910.
  45. ^ a b "Ahiratsuhime • . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史". . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
  46. ^ Norinaga Motoori (2007). The Poetics of Motoori Norinaga: A Hermeneutical Journey. University of Hawaii Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-8248-3078-6.
  47. ^ Gary L. Ebersole (1992). Ritual Poetry and the Politics of Death in Early Japan. Princeton University Press. pp. 108–109. ISBN 0-691-01929-0.
  48. ^ The Kojiki: Records of Ancient Matters. Tuttle Publishing. 19 June 2012. p. 218. ISBN 978-1-4629-0511-9.
Bibliography
(primary sources)
(retellings)
(secondary sources)

Read other articles:

Ambo Eteng Amin

Ambo Eteng Amin Anggota Dewan Perwakilan RakyatMasa jabatan1 Juni 1995 – 1 Oktober 1997PresidenSoeharto PendahuluKamaruddinPenggantiPetahanaGrup parlemenF-ABRIWakil Gubernur Sulawesi Selatan ke-3Masa jabatan1990 – 24 Desember 1992GubernurAhmad Amiruddin PendahuluZainal Basri PalagunaPenggantiAndi Muhammad Ghalib Informasi pribadiLahir(1942-12-31)31 Desember 1942Sidenreng Rappang, Celebes, Pendudukan JepangMeninggal19 Maret 2015(2015-03-19) (umur 72)Rumah Sakit P...

 

العلاقات الإثيوبية المالية

العلاقات الإثيوبية المالية إثيوبيا مالي   إثيوبيا   مالي تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الإثيوبية المالية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين إثيوبيا ومالي.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقارنة إثيوبي�...

 

العلاقات الأوزبكستانية الناميبية

العلاقات الأوزبكستانية الناميبية أوزبكستان ناميبيا   أوزبكستان   ناميبيا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الأوزبكستانية الناميبية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين أوزبكستان وناميبيا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية �...

Rodney So'oialo

This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Rodney So'oialo – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Rugby playerRodn...

 

Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010

Eurovision Song Contest 2010Country GermanyNational selectionSelection processUnser Star für OsloSelection date(s)Heats:2 February 20109 February 201016 February 201023 February 20102 March 2010Quarter-final:5 March 2010Semi-final:9 March 2010Final:12 March 2010Selected entrantLenaSelected songSatelliteSelected songwriter(s)Julie FrostJohn GordonFinals performanceFinal result1st, 246 pointsGermany in the Eurovision Song Contest ◄2009 • 2010 • 2011►...

 

April 1920

Month in 1920 1920 January February March April May June July August September October November December << April 1920 >> Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 April 19–23, 1920: Allied Powers leaders gather at San Remo... April 6, 1920: French troops seize Frankfurt and German cities ... divide the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East (British Mandates in Red, French Mandates in Blue) The following events occ...

Fiat 503

This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Fiat 503 – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2019)Motor vehicle Fiat 503Fiat 503 Torpedo 1927OverviewManufacturerFiatProduction1926–1927Body and chassisClassSmall family car (C)Body style4-door sedan4-door cabrioletLayoutFR l...

 

Guerre soviéto-polonaise

Guerre soviéto-polonaise Carte polonaise. Informations générales Date 1919–1921 Lieu Europe centrale et Europe de l'Est. Issue Victoire polonaise. Paix de Riga[1]. Belligérants RSFS de Russie République socialiste soviétique d'Ukraine République socialiste soviétique de Biélorussie République socialiste soviétique de Galicie (1920) Comité révolutionnaire provisoire polonais (1920) République socialiste soviétique lituano-biélorusse (1919) Pologne  République populaire...

 

Cartographic design

Process of designing maps Illustrated map Cartographic design or map design is the process of crafting the appearance of a map, applying the principles of design and knowledge of how maps are used to create a map that has both aesthetic appeal and practical function.[1] It shares this dual goal with almost all forms of design; it also shares with other design, especially graphic design, the three skill sets of artistic talent, scientific reasoning, and technology. As a discipline, it ...

Alisa Kozhikina

Alisa KozhikinaInformasi latar belakangNama lahirAlisa Alekseyevna KozhikinaLahir22 Juni 2003 (umur 20)Uspenka, Oblast Kursk, RusiaGenrePopPekerjaanPenyanyiInstrumenVokalTahun aktif2009–sekarangLabelUniversal Music Group,Mikhail Chertishchev Records [ru]Situs webalisa-kozhikina.ru Alisa Alekseyevna Kozhikina (bahasa Rusia: Алиса Алексеевна Кожикина; lahir 22 Juni 2003) adalah seorang penyanyi cilik asal Rusia, yang pada tahun 2014 memenangkan mus...

 

العلاقات الألمانية النمساوية

العلاقات الألمانية النمساوية ألمانيا النمسا   ألمانيا   النمسا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الألمانية النمساوية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين ألمانيا والنمسا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقا...

 

Sunlight before signing

Campaign pledge by Barack Obama Sunlight before signing is an open government campaign pledge made during the Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign to make non-emergency bills freely available online for a five-day public comment period prior to signing. The campaign promise is a reference to a quote by Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis that Sunlight is said to be the best of disinfectants.[1] The well-received initiative initially faced technical hurdles in its implementation an...

Compulsory sterilization

Government policies which force people to undergo sterilization Part of a series onDiscrimination Forms Institutional Structural Statistical Taste-based Attributes Age Caste Class Dialect Disability Genetic Hair texture Height Language Looks Mental disorder Race / Ethnicity Skin color Scientific racism Rank Sex Sexual orientation Species Size Viewpoint Social Arophobia Acephobia Adultism Anti-albinism Anti-autism Anti-homelessness Anti-drug addicts Anti-intellectualism Anti-intersex ...

 

Restaurazione

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando l'evento storico in Inghilterra del 1660, vedi Restaurazione inglese. La Restaurazione, sul piano strettamente storico-politico, è il processo di ristabilimento del potere dei sovrani assoluti in Europa e il conseguente tentativo, in seguito alle sconfitte militari di Napoleone, di ritornare all'Ancien Régime (antico regime) precedente la Rivoluzione francese. Essa ha inizio con il congresso di Vienna che durò dal 1º novembre 1814 al 9 giugno 1815...

 

Back from the Dead (film)

1957 film by Charles Marquis Warren Back from the DeadTheatrical release posterDirected byCharles Marquis WarrenScreenplay byCatherine TurneyBased onThe Other One by Catherine TurneyProduced byRobert StablerStarringPeggie CastleArthur FranzMarsha HuntDon HaggertyMarianne StewartOtto ReichowCinematographyErnest HallerEdited byLeslie VidorMusic byRaoul KraushaarProductioncompany20th Century FoxDistributed by20th Century FoxRelease date August 12, 1957 (1957-08-12) Running time79 ...

Wincanton plc

British logistics company Wincanton plcCompany typePublicTraded asLSE: WINIndustryLogisticsFounded1925; 99 years ago (1925)HeadquartersChippenham, EnglandKey peopleSir Martin Read(Chairman)James Wroath(Chief Executive Officer)ProductsLogisticsSupply chain managementRevenue £1,462 million (2023)[1]Operating income £70.8 million (2023)[1]Net income £33.2 million (2023)[1]Number of employees20,005 (2023)[1]ParentGXO Logisti...

 

Connecticut Department of Transportation

Government agency in Connecticut Connecticut Department of TransportationAgency overviewFormed1965Preceding agencyConnecticut Highway DepartmentJurisdictionConnecticutHeadquarters2800 Berlin Turnpike, Newington, ConnecticutAgency executiveGarrett T. Eucalitto, CommissionerParent agencyState of ConnecticutWebsitect.gov/dot This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to a...

 

Luka Krajnc

Luka Krajnc Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Luka KrajncTanggal lahir 19 September 1994 (umur 29)Tempat lahir Ptuj, SloveniaTinggi 188 cm (6 ft 2 in)Posisi bermain BekInformasi klubKlub saat ini Fortuna Düsseldorf(pinjaman dari Frosinone)Nomor 32Karier junior2003–2011 Maribor2011–2013 Genoa PrimaveraKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2010–2011 Maribor 1 (0)2011–2015 Genoa 3 (0)2013–2015 → Cesena (pinjam) 44 (1)2015–2018 Cagliari 21 (0)2016–2017 → Sampdori...

Jerry Jewell

American voice actor This article is about the voice actor. For the American politician, see Jerry Jewell (politician). For the founder of Sirius Software, see Jerry Jewell (video game publisher). Jerry JewellJewell in 2013OccupationsVoice actorvoice directorChildren1[1]Websitewww.sillygingermonkey.com Jerry Dean Jewell is an American voice actor and voice director.[2] He has performed the voices for several anime roles and is noted for his roles as: Kyo Sohma in the Fruits Ba...

 

Hannu Rantakari

Questa voce sull'argomento ginnasti finlandesi è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Hannu RantakariNazionalità Finlandia Ginnastica artistica Termine carriera???? Palmarès Competizione Ori Argenti Bronzi Olimpiadi 0 0 1 Vedi maggiori dettagliIl simbolo → indica un trasferimento in prestito.   Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Hannu Juhani Rantakari (Tampere, 8 gennaio 1939 – Tampere, 1º gennaio 2018) è stato un gin...