Tourn

For the botanist with taxonomic author abbreviation Tourn., see Joseph Pitton de Tournefort.

The tourn (tour, turn) was the bi-annual inspection of the hundreds of his shire made by the sheriff in medieval England. During it he would preside over the especially full meetings of the hundred court (more normally three-weekly) which met during the tourn at Easter and Michaelmas.

Origins

The tourn is first recorded by that name in 1205, but Frederic William Maitland considered that it was already in action at the time of the 1166 Assize of Clarendon.[1] Anglo-Saxon precedents for the tourn, in the form of exceptional shrieval holdings of the hundred court,[2] are however already apparent by the early 11th century.[3]

Profits and abuses

A central part of the tourn was known as 'views of frankpledge', when the sheriff looked into the frankpledge or frith-borh system, for which all freemen and suitors of the hundred, as well as the reeve and four representatives from each vill, were meant to be present.[4] Fines for non-attendance, the frankpledge penny, and penalties from criminals presented, all added up to sources of profit from the tourn,[5] which sheriffs were naturally inclined to capitalise on.

Among the abuses that followed were multiplication of the number of tourn sessions and the exaction of money for non-attendance:[6] one sheriff went so far as to extend the tourn to a county (Northumberland) where it was previously unknown, to multiply fines for non-attendance from the unwary.[7] Unsurprisingly, attempted restrictions on the tourn formed a substantial part of the constitutional struggle of the 13th century. - Magna Carta insisting on no more than a bi-annual tourn, with fees for view of frankpledge restricted to those of Henry II's time.[8] The Baronial Opposition reiterated the earlier points, and added to the classes of people exempt from attendance at the tourn – matters so popular that the victorious royalists took them up unchanged in the Statute of Marlborough.[9]

Geographical expansion/Temporal decline

The second half of the 13th century saw the tourn extended to Northern counties and to North Wales,[10] (though not to the southern principality).[11]

Later however the importance of the tourn (as of frankpledge) went into decline; and under Edward IV its legal scope was formally delimited (though not entirely removed).[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ W. A. Morris, The Medieval Sheriff (New York 1968), p. 119-22
  2. ^ W. A. Morris, The Medieval Sheriff (New York 1968), p. 119-22
  3. ^ G. O. Sayles, The Medieval Foundations of England (London 1967), p. 184
  4. ^ A. Muson, Medieval Law in Context (2001), p. 95
  5. ^ W. A. Morris, The Medieval Sheriff (New York 1968), p. 182 and 246
  6. ^ W. A. Morris, The Medieval Sheriff (New York 1968), p. 156
  7. ^ J. Burton, Authority and Resistance in the Age of Magna Carta (2015), p. 38
  8. ^ W. A. Morris, The Medieval Sheriff (New York 1968), p. 156
  9. ^ W. A. Morris, The Medieval Sheriff (New York 1968), p. 175
  10. ^ W. A. Morris, The Medieval Sheriff (New York 1968), p. 203
  11. ^ T. G. Watkin, The Legal History of Wales (2012)
  12. ^ J. Reeves, History of the English Law (1880), p. 14

Read other articles:

Президент Украины

Президент Украиныукр. Президент України Штандарт президента Украины Должность занимает Владимир Зеленский с 20 мая 2019 года Должность Форма обращения Господин президент(укр. Пане Президенте) Резиденция Мариинский дворец, Киев Назначается по результатам прямых выборов С...

 

 

Rogers Morton

American politician Rogers MortonCounselor to the PresidentIn officeFebruary 2, 1976 – April 1, 1976PresidentGerald FordPreceded byRobert T. HartmannJohn MarshSucceeded byRobert T. HartmannJohn Marsh22nd United States Secretary of CommerceIn officeMay 1, 1975 – February 2, 1976PresidentGerald FordPreceded byFrederick B. DentSucceeded byElliot Richardson39th United States Secretary of the InteriorIn officeJanuary 29, 1971 – April 30, 1975PresidentRichard NixonG...

 

 

Aach... Aku Jatuh Cinta

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Aku Jatuh Cinta. Aach... Aku Jatuh Cinta!SutradaraGarin NugrohoAldo Swastia (Asst. Sutradara)ProduserRaam PunjabiDitulis olehGarin NugrohoPemeranPevita PearceChicco JerikhoNova ElizaBima AzrielAnnisa HertamiSinematograferBatara GoemparPenyuntingAndhy PulungPerusahaanproduksiMultivision PlusDistributor Vidio Prime Video Tanggal rilis5, 6, dan 9 Oktober 2015 (Festival Film Internasional Busan)4 Februari 2016 (Indonesia)Durasi90 menitNegaraIndonesiaBahasaBahasa Indones...

Три богатыря

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Три богатыря (значения). В. М. Васнецов. «Богатыри» (слева направо: Добрыня Никитич, Илья Муромец и Алёша Попович) Три богатыря — собирательное название главных героев русских былин, богатырей — Ильи Муромца, Добр...

 

 

Paul Bellamy

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Bellamy. Paul BellamyFonctionsDéputé de la Loire-Atlantique11 mai 1924 - 31 mai 1928PrésidentAssociation des maires de France1920-1927Maire de Nantes1910 - 10 mai 1928Gabriel Guist'hauGaston VeilConseiller général de la Loire-Atlantique1910-1928Conseiller municipal de Nantes10 mai 1908 - 1910BiographieNaissance 27 octobre 1866Brest (Finistère)Décès 29 mars 1930 (à 63 ans)Cambo-les-Bains (Pyrénées-Atlantiques)Sépulture Cimetière Miséricorde...

 

 

Beyza Kocatürk

Turkish footballer Beyza Kocatürk Beyza Kocatürk of Ataşehir Belediyespor in the 2018-19 Turkish Women's First Football League.Personal informationDate of birth (1996-12-09) 9 December 1996 (age 27)Place of birth İzmit, TurkeyPosition(s) DefenderTeam informationCurrent team ALG SporNumber 3Senior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2008–2009 İzmit Saraybahçe BS 4 (0)2009–2012 İzmit Belediyespor 49 (11)2012–2013 İzmit Çenesuyu Plajyolu S 10 (1)2013–2014 Karşıyaka Koleji Spor 7 ...

Ropes course

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Ropes course – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Example of a high ropes course at nightRope climbing at the Alpine Center Bottrop, built by insight-out, Germany A ropes course is a challenging ...

 

 

Plague doctor

Physician that treated patients with bubonic plague Copper engraving of a plague doctor of 17th Century Rome Wikimedia Commons has media related to plague doctors.. A plague doctor was a physician who treated victims of bubonic plague[1] during epidemics mainly in the 16th and 17th centuries. These physicians were hired by cities to treat infected patients regardless of income, especially the poor, who could not afford to pay.[2][3] Plague doctors had a mixed reputatio...

 

 

Державний комітет телебачення і радіомовлення України

Державний комітет телебачення і радіомовлення України (Держкомтелерадіо) Приміщення комітетуЗагальна інформаціяКраїна  УкраїнаДата створення 2003Керівне відомство Кабінет Міністрів УкраїниРічний бюджет 1 964 898 500 ₴[1]Голова Олег НаливайкоПідвідомчі ор...

2016年美國總統選舉

2016年美國總統選舉 ← 2012 2016年11月8日 2020 → 538個選舉人團席位獲勝需270票民意調查投票率55.7%[1][2] ▲ 0.8 %   获提名人 唐納·川普 希拉莉·克林頓 政党 共和黨 民主党 家鄉州 紐約州 紐約州 竞选搭档 迈克·彭斯 蒂姆·凱恩 选举人票 304[3][4][註 1] 227[5] 胜出州/省 30 + 緬-2 20 + DC 民選得票 62,984,828[6] 65,853,514[6]...

 

 

內閣總理大臣

  关于与「內閣總理大臣」標題相近或相同的条目页，請見「內閣總理大臣 (消歧義)」。 日本國內閣總理大臣內閣總理大臣紋章現任岸田文雄自2021年10月4日在任尊称總理、總理大臣、首相、阁下官邸總理大臣官邸提名者國會全體議員選出任命者天皇任期四年，無連任限制[註 1]設立法源日本國憲法先前职位太政大臣（太政官）首任伊藤博文设立1885年12月22日，...

 

 

Macalelon

Macalelon Munisipalitas di Filipina Tempat Negara berdaulatFilipinaIsland group of the PhilippinesLuzonRegion di FilipinaCalabarzonProvinsi di FilipinaQuezon NegaraFilipina PendudukTotal27.312  (2020 )Tempat tinggal6.465  (2020 )Bahasa resmiTagalog GeografiLuas wilayah124,05 km² [convert: unit tak dikenal]Ketinggian12 m Berbatasan denganPitogo Informasi tambahanKode pos4309 Kode telepon42 Macalelon adalah munisipalitas yang terletak di provinsi Quezon, Filipina. Pada tahun 201...

Con Tu Nombre

2007 single by Ricky MartinCon Tu NombreSingle by Ricky Martinfrom the album MTV Unplugged ReleasedJune 26, 2007 (2007-06-26)Recorded2006GenreLatin popLength4:20LabelColumbiaSongwriter(s) Cristian Zalles Juan Carlos Pérez Soto Producer(s)Tommy TorresRicky Martin singles chronology Gracias por Pensar en Mi (2007) Con Tu Nombre (2007) Non siamo soli (2007) Live PerformanceCon Tu Nombre on YouTube Con Tu Nombre (English: With Your Name) is the fourth single from Ricky Martin's fi...

 

 

Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Cricket

Main pageDiscussionNews & open tasksDeletion alertsThe NetsAssessmentThe LibraryContestsAwardsMembers Summary of Cricket WikiProject open tasks watch · edit · full list News and announcements The newsletter is slated for a May/June launch. We are looking for Bengali/Hindi/Pashtun/Punjabi/Sinhala speakers to find and translate non-English language sources. Current discussions Renaming of the T20WC Articles (RM discussion) Featured article review No candidates at present Featured list can...

 

 

History of Naples

Palaepolis redirects here. For other uses, see Palaepolis (disambiguation). You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Italian. (June 2023) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Italian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rat...

Berlin Wriezener Bahnhof

Railway station in Berlin, Germany Berlin Wriezener BahnhofThe former station buildingGeneral informationLocationFriedrichshain-Kreuzberg, Berlin, BerlinGermany Area of the Wriezener Güterbahnhof in summer 2005 after the removal of the tracks Berlin Wriezener Bahnhof was a passenger railway terminus in Berlin, Germany. The station was situated close to the modern Ostbahnhof, and its goods station (Wriezener Güterbahnhof) was extended between it and Warschauer Straße station. From 1867 to 1...

 

 

Club Deportivo Tudelano

Questa voce sull'argomento società calcistiche spagnole è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Club Deportivo TudelanoCalcio Segni distintiviUniformi di gara Casa Trasferta Colori sociali Bianco, nero Dati societariCittàTudela Nazione Spagna ConfederazioneUEFA Federazione FEF CampionatoSegunda División RFEF Fondazione1935 Presidente Jesús Miranda Allenatore Manix Mandiola StadioEstadio Ciudad de Tudela(10,000 posti) Sito webcdtudelan...

 

 

東京民報

東京民報 種類 週刊紙サイズ ブランケット判 事業者 東京民報社本社 東京創刊 1965年言語 日本語価格 1部 130円月極 500円ウェブサイト http://www.tokyominpo.com/株式会社東京民報社本社所在地 日本〒105-0015東京都港区芝1-4-9 平和会館 5階事業内容 週刊紙発行業種 情報・通信業特記事項:日本共産党東京都委員会の機関紙テンプレートを表示 東京民報（とうきょうみんぽう） 1947�...

Renting

This article is about an agreement for payment for temporary use. For other uses, see Rent (disambiguation). Rental and Rentals redirect here. For other uses, see Rental (disambiguation). Renter redirects here. For the Estonian economist and chess player, see Raul Renter. Letting redirects here. For other uses, see Let (disambiguation). Payment for temporary use; hiring This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to re...

 

 

Moshe Maimon

Russian painter Not to be confused with Moshe ben Maimon. Moshe MaimonBorn1860VilkaviškisDied1924(1924-00-00) (aged 63–64)Saint PetersburgEducationMember Academy of Arts (1893)Alma materImperial Academy of Arts (1887)Known forPainting Moshe Maimon (also Moses Lvovich Maimon; ‹See Tfd›Russian: Моисей Львович Маймон; 1860 – 1924) was a Jewish - Russian painter who was born in the Augustów Governorate, then part of the Russian Empire (present-day L...