1Most severe tornado damage; see Enhanced Fujita scale 2Time from first tornado to last tornado
An extended period of significant tornado activity affected the Central United States in late May 2016. This outbreak sequence came less than two weeks after another damaging tornado outbreak that affected similar areas. The most prolific day was May 24 when 44 tornadoes touched down with at least 12 of them spawned by an intense, long-tracked supercell near Dodge City, Kansas. The strongest tornado from this outbreak was a violent EF4 tornado on May 25 that caused severe damage near Solomon, Abilene, and Chapman, Kansas, injuring eight. Overall, 98 tornadoes were confirmed.
Meteorological synopsis
Photomontage of an EF3 tornado forming near Minneola, Kansas during the outbreak
During the week of May 22–27, a southwards dip in the jet stream occurred in the West near Colorado, with favorable thermodynamics advecting northwards and setting the potential for a tornado outbreak. In the early afternoon of May 22, an Enhanced risk was issued by the Storm Prediction Center for extreme southwestern Kansas, the Oklahoma Panhandle, and northern Texas.[2] Numerous tornadoes touched down along the dryline that evening, with the strongest tornadoes touching down in Texas. This included a large, rain-wrapped EF3 tornado that destroyed homes and vehicles near Big Spring. Another EF3 tornado destroyed oil pump jacks near Garden City, while two EF2 tornadoes in the same general area snapped numerous trees and power poles and destroyed, damaged additional pump jacks, and destroyed a mobile home.[3] Less widespread tornado activity occurred on May 23, with mainly scattered weak tornadoes occurring across central and southern Plains. However, a large nighttime wedge tornado caused EF3 damage to metal power poles near Turkey, Texas that night.[4][5]
A significant outbreak of strong tornadoes affected Kansas on May 24. A single cyclic supercell produced about a dozen highly-visible tornadoes near Dodge City, with several reports of multiple tornadoes on the ground simultaneously. A total of five EF3 tornadoes and three EF2 tornadoes were confirmed in western Kansas that evening, affecting rural areas near Dodge City, Jetmore, Ness City, Lewis, and Kinsley. These tornadoes caused extensive damage to trees, power poles, vehicles, farm machinery, and a few homes. Scattered weak tornadoes were also observed across other parts of Kansas and other states as well.[6] Less significant activity was expected on May 25, and only a few tornadoes occurred, though this included a half-mile wide EF4 wedge tornado that tracked from near Solomon to east of Chapman, Kansas. This violent tornado obliterated farm homes, debarked trees, bent railroad tracks, and mangled farm machinery and vehicles beyond recognition, though only eight minor injuries occurred along the path.[7][8] Another significant outbreak of tornadoes occurred was expected to occur across Kansas on May 26, and a Moderate Risk with a 15% hatched risk area for tornadoes was issued by the Storm Prediction center. Despite this, early initiation of storms combined with an unfavorable wind profile prevented a significant outbreak from occurring. However, a high-end EF1 tornado caused considerable damage in Bryan, Texas, while EF1 and EF2 tornadoes occurred simultaneously near Navasota, resulting in heavy damage. Despite producing numerous strong to violent tornadoes, this outbreak sequence mainly affected rural areas, resulting in no fatalities and few injuries. A total of 98 tornadoes were confirmed as a result of the outbreak sequence.[9]
This large rain-wrapped tornado occurred to the west of Big Spring. A well-constructed home had its roof completely destroyed and multiple exterior walls collapsed, and two other homes had large sections of their roofs removed. An oil pumpjack was overturned, a car was thrown 100 yards (91 m), and another car was moved several feet. Two poles were bent, wooden power poles were snapped, and a small barn suffered major loss of roof panels. Trees were damaged along the path as well, with trees partially debarked, trunks snapped, and trees uprooted.[13]
This large but intermittent multiple-vortex tornado passed near the rural community of Plaska, snapping numerous trees and power poles. Several pivot irrigation systems were flipped as well.[16]
A house sustained roof and siding damage, a pole shed was destroyed, several livestock trailers were blown several yards, and a few trees were downed.[25]
Large wedge tornado moved along an erratic path through open fields, causing little damage. The tornado was likely capable of producing EF3 or stronger damage based on video evidence.[29][30][31]
A single-wide mobile home was rolled and destroyed, another mobile home sustained roof damage, and an oil pumpjack was overturned. A metal barn had its roof purlins buckled and trees had their trunks snapped as well.[34]
Large but weak tornado moved slowly along a meandering intermittent path, damaging two outbuildings. The University of Massachusetts X-Pol Doppler radar measured EF0 strength winds within the tornado.[40]
Tornado remained over open country and caused no damage. The University of Massachusetts X-Pol Doppler radar measured EF0 strength winds within the tornado.[41]
A strong wedge tornado bent several large steel electrical poles to the ground. Trees were also uprooted. The tornado moved along an unusual northwestward path.[42][43][44]
May 24 event
List of confirmed tornadoes – Tuesday, May 24, 2016[note 1]
Numerous large trees were downed, some of which fell on a cabin, and the cabin also suffered chimney damage. A trampoline was damaged and lawn furniture was tossed as well.[46]
Large cone tornado completely swept away a manufactured home, with nearby vehicles being thrown up to 150 yards away and mangled. Wooden power poles were snapped off and carried long distances through the air, and irrigation pivots were destroyed. One person taking shelter inside a bunker was injured when a piece of pipe penetrated the concrete wall. Video evidence suggests that this tornado may have been capable of producing EF4 damage.[56]
This strong tornado partially debarked hardwood trees, damaged farm machinery, fences, and storage tanks, and destroyed barns and outbuildings along its path.[60][61]
Large cone tornado. Power poles were snapped, a pivot sprinkler was flipped, and two more were damaged. A residence had its roof lifted off as well. The tornado appeared visually to be much stronger than an EF2.[64]
This large multiple-vortex tornado snapped power poles, flipped a semi-truck, heavily damaged multiple homes, and destroyed pivot sprinklers and outbuildings. Two people were injured. Wind velocities within the tornado indicated that it may have briefly reached EF5 intensity.[71][72]
This large cone tornado caused extensive damage at the Ford County Landfill, where a large metal frame industrial building was destroyed. A large propane tank was thrown onto a road and ruptured, and an outbuilding was also destroyed further along the path.[76]
A well-built frame home had its roof torn off and some exterior walls collapsed, with debris scattered long distances downwind. An oil tank was blown over, and a stock trailer was found three miles away from where it originated. Other pieces of machinery were found up to a mile away. Numerous power poles were snapped, and pivot sprinklers were damaged as well.[77][78]
This strong anticyclonic tornado snapped power poles and tree limbs, left swirl marks in a wheat field, mangled a pivot sprinkler, and knocked over a sign.[86]
Large wedge tornado mangled a well-anchored pivot sprinkler, tearing a large, heavy concrete anchor completely out of the ground. Other pivot sprinklers along the path were flipped or sustained lesser damage, and a storage tank was overturned. Trees were denuded and debarked, large concrete feed bunks were thrown, and farm fields were scoured. Homes sustained roof damage, while outbuildings and grain bins were destroyed as well.[88]
This slow-moving cone tornado was caught on camera and broadcast live on television. 19 empty rail cars were blown off the tracks and a very large tree was downed.[100]
Tornado downed numerous trees and caused roof damage to homes in the towns of Wamego and Louisville. Rural properties sustained considerable damage outside of Wamego.[104]
Brief tornado tore much of the roof off of a two-story home, along with a wall on the second floor. Numerous large trees were snapped and uprooted as well. This tornado occurred simultaneously with the other Navasota tornado.[107]
Two homes sustained minor damage, at least three farm storage buildings were damaged or destroyed, and multiple trees were uprooted and large branches were broken off at a cemetery.[9]
This violent and long-lived wedge tornado was on the ground for 25.09 mi (40.38 km) and lasted for at least 90 minutes, producing at least mid-range EF4 damage at its most intense point.[117] It first touched down near the Ottawa County community of Niles just after 7:07 PM local time.[118]
The tornado moved eastward and reached EF3 strength to the north of Solomon, where a home lost its roof and exterior walls, and numerous trees were snapped. As the tornado crossed into Dickinson County and moved through rural areas northeast of Solomon, significant weakening occurred as EF1 tree and house damage was noted along this segment of the path. Re-intensification began to occur to the south of Talmage where a two-story house had much of its second floor destroyed, sustaining EF2 damage. A nearby home sustained EF1 damage to its roof as well.[119] The tornado strengthened further as it passed to the north of Abilene, causing significant damage. A house near the corner of Gulf Road and 2700 Avenue sustained EF3 damage and was left with only interior rooms standing, while another home and a large metal outbuilding sustained EF2 damage.
High-end EF3 damage was noted along Hawk Road, where a large but poorly anchored home was completely flattened. The most intense damage in this area occurred at the intersection of Indy Road and 2700 Avenue, where a split-level home was completely swept away, leaving only the basement behind. Anchor bolts were present at this location, though the home's subflooring was poorly anchored, and an EF4 rating was applied. Outbuildings were also destroyed in the vicinity, and a two-story farm home sustained lesser damage.[120] Further to the east, the tornado narrowed and weakened back to EF1 strength as it passed through areas to the northeast of Abeline, causing mainly minor tree damage. However, it strengthened back to EF2 intensity as it crossed I-70/US 40, snapping and denuding numerous large trees.
The tornado then reached its peak strength as it passed just southwest of Chapman, which was placed under a tornado emergency, producing EF4 damage as it crossed Old Highway 40. A few farmsteads in this area were damaged or destroyed, including one where a large, anchor-bolted brick farm home was completely leveled and largely swept away. Only the basement and a pile of debris was left behind at this location. Part of the concrete foundation was severely cracked from the force of the house being ripped away, leaving rebar exposed. While officially given a wind speed estimate of 180 mph (290 km/h) by the damage survey team, the entry for this tornado in the National Climactic Data Center mentions that the wind speed may have approached over 200 mph (320 km/h), or EF5 intensity. However, the area around the house foundation was not swept clean of debris, preventing a rating higher than EF4.[121]
Several vehicles and large pieces of heavy farm machinery in the vicinity were thrown and mangled beyond recognition. Numerous large trees were also denuded and debarked in this area, outbuildings were obliterated, and a set of railroad tracks was bent horizontally by the force of the tornado.[122] While officially rated mid-range EF4, a NWS Topeka employee noted that "Thankfully, the tornado didn't hit any larger cities. Had this hit a city, like Abilene, where there's more structures to hit, this could have very well been an EF5 and we would have had perhaps fatalities."[123] The tornado began to weaken as it passed south of Chapman, causing extensive tree damage and inflicting low-end EF3 damage to a large farm house. To the southeast of Chapman, a home was shifted off of its foundation at EF1 intensity before the tornado dissipated shortly after 8:30 PM. The tornado reached a maximum width of 1/2 mile wide along its path, and damaged or destroyed roughly 20 homes in Dickinson County. No fatalities and eight minor injuries occurred as a result of this tornado.[124][125][126][119]
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Lubbock, Texas (May 24, 2016). "NWS Damage Survey for 05/23/16 Tornado Event". College of DuPage Next Generation Weather Lab. Archived from the original on May 25, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Pendleton, Oregon (2016). Washington Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
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^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Midland, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF3 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Aberdeen, South Dakota (2016). South Dakota Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Amarillo, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Lubbock, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Midland, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Amarillo, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Amarillo, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Amarillo, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Midland, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Rapid City, South Dakota (2016). South Dakota Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Rapid City, South Dakota (2016). South Dakota Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Midland, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
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^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Midland, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Midland, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF3 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Amarillo, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Midland, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Midland, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Bismarck, North Dakota (2016). North Dakota Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Hastings, Nebraska (2016). Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (2016). Iowa Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma (2016). Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma (2016). Oklahoma Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Lubbock, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Lubbock, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF3 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Marquette, Michigan (2016). Michigan Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Marquette, Michigan (2016). Michigan Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma (2016). Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
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^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF3 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Boulder, Colorado (2016). Colorado Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Amarillo, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Boulder, Colorado (2016). Colorado Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF3 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF3 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
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^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Boulder, Colorado (2016). Colorado Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Boulder, Colorado (2016). Colorado Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
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^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF3 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Goodland, Kansas (2016). Colorado Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in North Platte, Nebraska (2016). Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma (2016). Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office Twin Cities, Minnesota (2016). Minnesota Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Topeka, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office Twin Cities, Minnesota (2016). Minnesota Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Topeka, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF3 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Topeka, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF4 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Topeka, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma (2016). Oklahoma Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Topeka, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Houston/Galveston, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Topeka, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Topeka, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Houston/Galveston, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
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^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Houston/Galveston, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Topeka, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Topeka, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Kansas City, Missouri (2016). Missouri Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Goodland, Kansas (2016). Colorado Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Goodland, Kansas (2016). Colorado Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Houston/Galveston, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Angelo, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Amarillo, Texas (2016). Texas Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Topeka, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF3 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Topeka, Kansas (2016). Kansas Event Report: EF4 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
